The nuclear membrane re-forms during
a. anaphase.
b. metaphase.
c. interphase.
d. prophase.
e. telophase.
In comparing mitosis and meiosis, which of the following statements is true?
a. Meiosis I is more like mitosis than is meiosis II.
b. Both processes result in four cells.
c. Pairing of homologues occurs in both.
d. Chromatids are present only in mitosis.
e. Meiosis II resembles mitosis.
Which of the following evolve?
a. populations
b. genera
c. kingdoms
d. both populations and genera
e. populations, genera, and kingdoms
About how many liters of blood does an average human have?
a. 3
b. 4
c. 5
d. 6
e. 7
A dikaryotic cell
a. is a spore.
b. results from nuclear fusion.
c. contains nuclei of two different mating types.
d. becomes a zygote.
e. becomes a gamete.
round window
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. dissipates excess vibrational energy to the middle ear
b. contains the organ of Corti
c. separates the outer and middle ears
d. membrane-covered gateway to inner ear
e. consists of tissue containing rods and cones
f. bone in middle ear
g. peak height and valley depth of sound waves are its basis
h. maintain balance and position; detect acceleration
i. depends on the number of wave cycles per second
j. a substance that elicits a response in members of the same species
k. regulates size of pupil and amount of incoming light
All of the following can strengthen a theory EXCEPT
a. repetitions of experiments.
b. increased observations.
c. time.
d. faith.
e. confirmation by many scientists.
Which of the following components of the dermis is incorrectly matched with its usual
function?
a. blood vessels; nutrient supply
b. sweat glands; hormone secretion
c. oil glands; lubrication of hair and skin
d. hairs; insulation
e. receptors; pain
menopause
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. the production and secretion of milk
b. sloughing off of endometrium stops permanently
c. induced dislodging and removal of an embryo or fetus from the uterus
d. an abortion that occurs spontaneously
e. the burrowing of the blastocyst into the uterine lining
f. the release of an egg from the ovary
g. the release of seminal fluid from the male reproductive tract
h. a 100-percent-effective method of preventing conception
i. a highly unreliable form of birth control
j. the periodic elimination of the uterine lining
k. characterized by involuntary muscle contractions, release of tension, and warmth
l. sexual intercourse
m. sperm and egg cannot meet because a section of oviduct is missing
n. cutting and tying of vasa deferentia
Which stage in reproduction and development occurs before the others?
a. cleavage
b. gamete formation
c. gastrula formation
d. zygote formation
e. blastula formation
ecoregion
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. a reduction in suitable places to live
b. organisms that give an “early warning” signal of changes in biodiversity
c. new method of harvesting trees to preserve diversity
d. a field of research whose goal is conservation of biodiversity
e. species vulnerable to extinction
f. broad land or ocean region defined by climate, geography, and producers
g. ocean structure of amazing biological complexity
h. locations where species are in greatest danger of extinction
i. a national park is an example
j. narrow corridor of vegetation along a stream or river
k. isolated patches of habitat;
Which species is considered most ancient?
a. Homo erectus
b. Australopithecus afarensis
c. Australopithecus africanus
d. Homo sapiens
e. Sahelanthropus tchadensis
Which of the following is NOT a connective tissue?
a. bone
b. muscle
c. cartilage
d. adipose
e. blood
Arthropods
Choose the most appropriate answer for each.
a. two pairs of legs per segment
b. tiny, flattened, crawling forms
c. planarians, flukes, tapeworms
d. nematodes
e. snails, squids, clams
f. wheel animals
g. flagellated collar cells present
h. jellyfish and corals
i. crustaceans, ticks, and insects
j. polychaetes, earthworms, leeches
k. sea urchins, sea stars
cyanobacteria
Choose the most appropriate letter.
a. contain DNA, but may be too small to be alive
b. simple transitional forms between early organic compounds and the first living cells
c. red alga resident of hot springs
d. first organisms with the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis
e. source of the heat-resistant enzyme used in PCR
f. offered support for endosymbiosis
g. dome-shaped fossil remains of photoautotrophic bacteria (some nonfossil structures
also form).
h. protist with photosynthetic organelles that resemble cyanobacteria
i. earliest known organism that can be assigned to a modern group
The proteins associated with the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis are located
a. on the outer membranes of the chloroplast.
b. in the stroma.
c. on the thylakoid membrane.
d. throughout the cytoplasm of plant cells.
e. in the thylakoid compartment.
Ricin is
a. a substance found in castor bean seeds.
b. a polysaccharide extracted from rice.
c. an ingredient in many paints and cosmetics.
d. a protein that inactivates ribosomes.
e. a substance found in castor bean seeds and a protein that inactivates ribosomes.
The conversion of solar energy to chemical energy is known as
a. metabolism.
b. photosynthesis.
c. chemosynthesis.
d. catabolism.
e. anabolism.
CO2 and H2O will not form glucose on their own because
a. CO2 does not contain sufficient energy.
b. H2O does not contain sufficient energy.
c. neither CO2 nor H2O contain sufficient energy.
d. the concentration of CO2 is too low in the atmosphere.
e. the bonds of CO2 and H2O are too stable to be broken without an input of energy.
Humus includes all of the following EXCEPT
a. feces.
b. dead organisms.
c. leaf litter.
d. weathered rock.
e. decomposing organic matter.
Which of the following is true of deuterostomes?
a. The first opening into the embryo becomes the anus.
b. The first opening into the embryo becomes the mouth.
c. The second opening into the embryo becomes the anus.
d. The second opening into the embryo becomes the mouth.
e. The first opening into the embryo becomes the anus and the second opening into the
embryo becomes the mouth.
Molting in arthropods may involve a change in all but
a. body form and maturity.
b. sex.
c. body size.
d. eating habits.
e. sensory structures.
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. rate of forward reaction about equals rate of reverse reaction
b. coenzyme that diffuses freely through the cytoplasm
c. attachment of a phosphate group by a high-energy bond
d. an excess of end-product molecules alters the shape of the first enzyme in the
pathway and shuts off that metabolic pathway
e. part of an enzyme that binds to the substrate
f. by binding a regulatory molecule, it changes the activity of a metabolic pathway
g. affects rates of chemical reactions
h. universal energy currency
i. assists in the detoxification of ethanol
j. a measure of the degree of energy change after a concentrated form of energy has
been dispersed
feedback inhibition
Choose the proper item below for the following statements.
a. operon
b. operator
c. promoter
d. lactose
e. regulator gene
The product of this item can inactivate a gene.
Transcription factors include all of the following EXCEPT
a. activators.
b. repressors.
c. enhancers.
d. translational factors.
e. none of these.
Strand B has the same order of nucleotides as strand(s)
a. A.
b. C.
c. D.
d. C and D.
e. A and D.
The immune system’s attack on the body’s own cells
a. is an autoimmune response.
b. results in anaphylactic shock.
c. is a type of acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
d. is due to the inactivation of helper T cells.
e. is due to an error in the production of MHC markers.
Respond to the following statements with reference to the five plant micronutrients
listed below.
a.iron
b.boron
c.manganese
d.zinc
e.copper
Deficiency of this nutrient results in chlorosis, dead spots in leaves, and stunted growth
Monosaccharides may be characterized by all EXCEPT which of the following?
a. a ketone group
b. carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio
c. a backbone of five to six carbon atoms
d. one carbonyl group
e. the presence of glycerol and fatty acids
Respond to the following statements in reference to the four kinds of social behavior
listed below.
a. altruism
b. cooperation
c. selfish herd behavior
d. subordination
When a clump of sawfly caterpillars rear up, writhe, and regurgitate toxic fluid after
being disturbed, this is an example of __________.
Which of the following processes is under voluntary control?
a. filtration
b. reabsorption
c. urination
d. secretion
e. excretion
Which area of biology is concerned with studying gene maps, looking for similarities
and differences that point to evolutionary connections?
a. structural genomics
b. Darwinian genomics
c. phylogenetic genomics
d. comparative genomics
e. classical genomics
Labeling.
urethra
Labeling. The following statements refer to the figure below showing the general body
plan of a plant.
The seeds are located inside the structure labeled __________.
By a __________, transpiration pulls water upward by creating a continuous negative
pressure (or tension) inside xylem from leaves to roots.
Binding of a protein hormone may lead to formation of a __________, which relays a
signal into the cell.
If you sweat, are you losing extracellular fluid or intracellular fluid?
__________ allow animals of the same species to share information.
As cell lineages use varying subsets of genes during development, they become
specialized through a process called __________.
__________ is a set of methods that allow us to reconstruct phylogeny.
__________ are regions with a particular type of dominant vegetation.
With __________ growth, a small population starts growing slowly, then grows rapidly,
and then levels off once __________ is reached.
Crosses between a yellow rat with a yellow rat always produce yellow. Crosses between
a white rat with a white rat always produce white. The alleles affect the same aspect of
coat color. The crosses of a white with a yellow produce a cream. What happens if you
cross two creams?
Mammals appeared 220 MYA but did not begin to greatly diversify until 65 MYA –
why?
The __________ is a sedimentary cycle; Earth’s crust is the largest reservoir, and there
is no major gaseous form.
How are cellulose and starch similar and how do they differ?
Labeling.
bulbourethral gland
Genes that affect the __________ system often affect behavior.