Biology 92840

subject Type Homework Help
subject Pages 22
subject Words 3354
subject Authors Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr, Ralph Taggart

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page-pf1
If the DNA nucleotides read ATG-CGT-GAC, the amino acid sequence of the resulting
polypeptide would be
a. tyrosine - alanine - leucine.
b. methionine - arginine - asparagines.
c. histidine - glycine - praline.
d. serine - lysine - glycine.
e. all of these.
Anthropoids
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. a group that includes apes and humans
b. a population of Homo spp. that lived from at least 100,000 to as recently as 30,000
years ago; tool users and artisans
c. the order that includes animals with freely swiveling limbs, mobile grasping digits,
upright body posture, good depth perception, and exquisite neural control
d. organisms in a group that includes New World and Old World monkeys, apes, and
humans
e. an era that began 65 to 63 million years ago; characterized by the evolution of birds,
mammals, and flowering plants
f. an epoch of the Cenozoic lasting from 23.8 million to 5.3 million years ago;
characterized by the appearance of primitive apes
g. an epoch of the Cenozoic lasting from 5.3 million to 1.8 million years ago;
characterized by the appearance of distinctly modern plants and animals
h. bipedal organisms from about 3.2 to 2.3 million years ago, with essentially human
bodies and ape-shaped heads; "Southern Apes"
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i. a group including humans and human-like species
Inversion
Choose the most appropriate answer for each.
a. 3n; generally sterile
b. a chromosome segment is permanently transferred to a nonhomologous chromosome
c. (2n - 1); a zygote deprived of a chromosome
d. a repeat of a particular DNA sequence in the same chromosome or in nonhomologous
ones
e. (2n + 1); three chromosomes of the same kind are present in a set of chromosomes
f. a piece of the chromosome is inadvertently left out during the repair process
g. inhibits microtubule assembly; used in karyotyping
h. a chromosome segment that has been cut out and rejoined at the same place, but
backward
seminal vesicles
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Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. acts to trigger ovulation in females
b. structures that secrete mucus and nutrients absorbable by sperm; open into the
ejaculatory duct
c. forms as an outgrowth of the yolk sac; becomes part of umbilical cord and urinary
bladder
d. a drug that causes severely deformed arms and legs in developing embryos
e. two of these connect seminiferous tubules with vasa deferentia
f. opening between uterus and vagina
g. organ that supplies the embryo/fetus with nutrients and removes wastes
h. connects epididymis with ejaculatory duct
i. hormones that stimulate uterine contractions in the female
j. cap over the head of a sperm; contains lytic enzymes to penetrate egg membranes
k. inner cell mass plus trophoblast; attaches to uterine wall
l. testosterone produced here
m. sensitive to sexual stimulation; develops from same embryonic tissues as does the
penis in males
n. the uterine lining
o. acts on gonad to help mature gametes; released from anterior lobe of pituitary
Nerve net
Choose the most appropriate answer.
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a. integrates body position, motions, balance
b. in cnidarians; based on reflex pathways devoted to swimming and feeding
c. messages from here arouse the brain and maintain wakefulness
d. the cortical region that coordinates muscles required for speech
e. all parts of nerve cells outside the brain and spinal cord
f. acetylcholine is an example
g. reflex control center for breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure
h. axons of the central nervous system that are sheathed with fatty myelin
i. at top of the brainstem bordering the cerebral hemispheres; influences learning and
emotional behavior
j. motor neurons that are divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
k. membrane coverings over brain spinal cord
l. contains the tectum; receives and integrates sensory information that is largely sent on
to the forebrain for further neural processing
m. connects right and left cerebral hemispheres
n. group of nerve cell bodies that form an integrative center
o. contains centers concerned with body temperature regulation and with salt and water
balance
James Watson and Francis Crick
a. were both English researchers working at Cambridge University.
b. performed elegant experiments in DNA chemistry.
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c. constructed an accurate model of the DNA molecule illustrating its structural
simplicity.
d. performed experiments that convinced scientists that DNA is a double-stranded
molecule.
e. did all of these
A stretch receptor is classified as a
a. chemoreceptor.
b. mechanoreceptor.
c. photoreceptor.
d. thermoreceptor.
e. all of these.
Which statement is false?
a. A molecule is made of at least two atoms.
b. Compounds are made of elements.
c. Two atoms of oxygen make a molecule of oxygen.
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d. Proportions of elements in compounds vary according to their source in nature.
e. Elements are found in compounds and molecules.
The following are chemical functional groups that may be part of a biologically active
molecule. Answer the questions by matching the items with the most appropriate group.
a. -COOH
b. -CH3
c. -NH2
d. -OH
e.
f. -PO4
3-
g. -CHO
The group that distinguishes glucose from fructose
page-pf7
The region where filtration occurs is indicated by
a. A.
b. B.
c. C.
d. D.
e. none of these.
In prokaryotes, most of the control of gene expression is at the ____ level.
a. transcriptional
b. transcript processing
c. transport
d. translational
e. post-translational
page-pf8
This illustration shows
a. cytoplasmic division in an animal cell.
b. a contractile ring mechanism.
c. how chromosomes are dragged to the poles.
d. cytoplasmic division in an animal cell and a contractile ring mechanism.
e. cytoplasmic division in an animal cell and how chromosomes are dragged to the
poles.
What occurs within the female cone of a pine tree?
a. meiosis
b. mitosis
c. development
d. fertilization
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e. all of these
What fraction of your DNA is the same as every other human being?
a. 50%
b. 75%
c. 90%
d. 95%
e. 99%
Phytochrome
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Some letters may not be used.
a. flower each successive year or after several years of vegetative growth
b. promotes cell elongation in stems
c. has receptor sites for a particular hormonal message
d. a hollow, cylindrical organ that protects young leaves growing within it
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e. blue-green pigment that absorbs light energy
f. low-temperature stimulation of flowering
g. stimulates stomata closure and might be involved in root geotropism
h. stimulates fruit ripening
i. reproduces in spring
j. produces only roots, stems, and leaves the first growing season and produces flowers
the second year
k. occurring on a 24-hour cycle
l. flowers in autumn
m. a nonhormonal plant growth regulator
n. lives for only one growing season
o. promotes stem elongation in plants
p. pigment involved in flowering process
amplitude
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. dissipates excess vibrational energy to the middle ear
b. contains the organ of Corti
c. separates the outer and middle ears
d. membrane-covered gateway to inner ear
e. consists of tissue containing rods and cones
page-pfb
f. bone in middle ear
g. peak height and valley depth of sound waves are its basis
h. maintain balance and position; detect acceleration
i. depends on the number of wave cycles per second
j. a substance that elicits a response in members of the same species
k. regulates size of pupil and amount of incoming light
ruminants
Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a. a process that mixes the contents of the lumen and forces it against the absorptive
surface of the gut
b. stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion
c. thin, outermost layer of stomach
d. a softened ball of food particles
e. emulsify fat globules
f. have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g. innermost layer of the gut; contains diverse secretory cells
h. gastric inhibitory peptide
i. stimulates gallbladder and stomach emptying as well as pancreatic enzyme secretions
j. a mixture of food particles in the stomach
page-pfc
pith
Match all applicable letters with the appropriate term(s). Letters may be used more than
once, and a term may have more than one letter.
a. tissue that is part of the ground system
b. tissue that is part of the vascular system
c. tissue that is part of the dermal system
d. develops into the vascular cambium
e. leaf's photosynthetic tissues (palisade and spongy) are in this category
f. transports photosynthetic products away from leaves and stem
g. meristematic tissue
h. develops into secondary xylem and phloem
i. transports water and dissolved nutrients up to the stem and leaves
j. replaces the epidermis in plants that undergo secondary growth
k. a single layer of cells that helps control the movement of water and dissolved salts
into the xylem pipeline
l. influence the movement of carbon dioxide into the leaf and movement of water out of
the leaf
m. generally, dead cells that provide support and strength to all three tissue systems
n. ground tissue centrally located within a ring of vascular bundles
page-pfd
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. rate of forward reaction about equals rate of reverse reaction
b. coenzyme that diffuses freely through the cytoplasm
c. attachment of a phosphate group by a high-energy bond
d. an excess of end-product molecules alters the shape of the first enzyme in the
pathway and shuts off that metabolic pathway
e. part of an enzyme that binds to the substrate
f. by binding a regulatory molecule, it changes the activity of a metabolic pathway
g. affects rates of chemical reactions
h. universal energy currency
i. assists in the detoxification of ethanol
j. a measure of the degree of energy change after a concentrated form of energy has
been dispersed
adenosine triphosphate
All, EXCEPT which of the following, are present in both the light-dependent and
light-independent reactions?
a. ATP
b. NADPH
c. ADP
d. rubisco
page-pfe
e. NADP+
Stimulus
Even though there may be more than one correct letter response to some numbered
items, discriminate and "juggle" so that you have the one BEST response for each.
a. cells that nurture and support neurons
b. a hyperpolarizing event
c. a neuron cannot propagate an action potential at this time
d. Acetylcholine or GABA
e. interneuron in brain or spinal cord
f. establishes basis of resting membrane potential
g. sheathed muscle cells that contain receptors
h. input
i. integrator cell between sensory and motor
j. modified dendrite of a sensory neuron
k. a depolarizing event
l. output
m. muscle or gland
n. produced by a Schwann cell
o. cluster of cell bodies outside the CNS
page-pff
An enzyme is thought to optimize the fit between substrates by restraining and
stretching or squeezing them into certain shapes and moving them to the transition state
as described by the ____ model of enzyme activity.
a. lock and key
b. induced-fit
c. template
d. activation
e. conformational
B cells
Match each term with the most appropriate statement.
a. cells that do not divide, die in less than a week, and secrete antibodies
b. cells that directly destroy body cells already infected by viral or fungal parasites, as
well as mutant and cancerous cells
c. lymphocytes that are held in reserve, circulate in the bloodstream, and enable a rapid
response to subsequent encounters with the same invader
d. able to lyse cells by forming pore complexes
e. cells that are produced in the bone marrow, are never changed by the thymus, and
manufacture antibodies
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f. able to destroy cells but not dependent on recognition of antigen-MHC complexes
g. a class of proteins that help cells of the immune system communicate
h. "big eaters" that alert other lymphocytes to the invasion of specific antigens
i. immature cells that may or may not be committed to develop into one of several
mature cell types
j. a group of cells that are all produced asexually from one original parent cell
k. surface patterns of nonself molecules or particles
l. proteins released by cytotoxic T cells to destroy target cell membranes
m. preparation injected into the body to elicit a primary immune response
n. one of this group has been identified as the causative agent of AIDS
The difference between normal and sickle-cell hemoglobin is based upon
a. the number of amino acids in the molecule.
b. the substitution of one amino acid for another.
c. the number and orientation of the amino acid chains attached to the heme portion of
the molecule.
d. the number of oxygen molecules that can be carried.
e. the type of bone marrow that produces it.
page-pf11
Which of the following are accessory pigments in photosynthesis?
a. carotenoids
b. phycobillins
c. anthocyanins
d. chlorophyll b
e. all of these
larynx
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. flexible windpipe reinforced with cartilage
b. surrounds each lung
c. oxygen-rich form of a respiratory protein
d. contains two true vocal cords
e. alter chest cavity volume
f. part of the brainstem; controls breathing
g. throat passage behind the mouth
h. inhalation and exhalation
i. connect trachea to lungs
page-pf12
j. flaplike structure that points upward allowing air to enter trachea, but blocks the
larynx during swallowing
k. contraction increases thoracic volume
l. microscopically small pockets lined with moist epithelium
Which system is directly involved with heat production?
a. endocrine system
b. nervous system
c. muscular system
d. respiratory system
e. skeletal system
Which molecule is incorrectly matched with its monomer?
a. fat; fatty acid
b. starch; ribose
c. protein; amino acid
page-pf13
d. glycogen; glucose
e. nucleic acids; nucleotide
____ is the process of maintaining a constant internal environment.
a. Hybridization
b. Osmostasis
c. pH adjustment
d. Homeostasis
e. None of these
Conservation biology includes
a. a survey of biological diversity.
b. maintaining biodiversity to benefit human populations.
c. ecological considerations of diversity.
d. an effort to maintain biodiversity.
e. all of these.
page-pf14
Respond to the following statements with reference to the five plant micronutrients
listed below.
a.iron
b.boron
c.manganese
d.zinc
e.copper
This nutrient plays an important role in cell wall stability.
The processes listed below represent major chemical pathways in photosynthesis.
Respond to the following statements with reference to these five processes.
a. light-dependent reactions
b. chemosynthetic reactions
c. carbon dioxide fixation
d. Calvin-Benson cycle
e. C4 pathway
page-pf15
In this process carbon dioxide is incorporated first into an unstable intermediate
compound and then into phosphoglycerate.
Most true fungi send out cellular filaments called
a. mycelia.
b. hyphae.
c. mycorrhizae.
d. stolons.
e. rhizoids.
Most birds are ____; most mammals are ____.
a. socially monogamous; not socially monogamous
b. socially monogamous; socially monogamous
c. not socially monogamous; not socially monogamous
d. not socially monogamous; socially monogamous
e. not socially monogamous; promiscuous
page-pf16
Which of the following is NOT a category of fruit?
a. complex
b. simple
c. aggregate
d. multiple
e. dry
smooth ER
page-pf17
__________ respond to mechanical energy such as touch.
Immigration and __________ permanently affect population size, but __________ does
not.
A behavior that has a genetic basis is subject to evolution by __________.
Why can red algae grow at deeper depths of water than green algae?
page-pf18
__________ and __________ fluid are the main components of extracellular fluid.
A diploid organism has a chromosome with 10 genes. It has a different allele for each
gene on its two chromosomes. How many possible outcomes for chromosome destined
for a gamete after meiosis exist?
What is the ultimate fate of the carbon atoms in a glucose molecule that goes through
aerobic respiration?
page-pf19
What manner of symbiosis is a root nodule? Explain.
Why is high blood pressure damaging to the kidneys?
In the absence of a nerve connection or electrical stimulation, can a muscle cell be
made to contract in a laboratory setting?
page-pf1a
A woman has discovered she is pregnant. What should she avoid to reduce the risk of
injuring the fetus or having a miscarriage?
What would happen if human chorionic gonadotropin levels did not rise adequately
during pregnancy?
__________ is the only disease to have been eradicated from causing natural infections.
Arrival of an action potential at a presynaptic cell's axon terminals triggers the release
page-pf1b
of __________, a type of chemical signal.
intercostal muscles
Labeling.
page-pf1c
ovaries
Discuss how photosynthesis is a natural partner for aerobic respiration.

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