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Which of the following is mismatched?
a. acetylcholine; muscle contraction
b. endorphin; pain perception
c. norepinephrine; fight-or-flight response
d. serotonin; sexual function
e. GABA; major inhibitor in the brain
The relationship above is
a. a parasitic association.
b. predation.
c. resource partitioning.
d. a mutualistic association.
e. none of these.
Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
What is the partial pressure of oxygen at the start of the systemic capillary beds?
a. 40 mm Hg
b. 100 mm Hg
c. 70 mm Hg
d. 104 mm Hg
e. all of these
Paired homologous chromosomes are found at the spindle equator during
a. metaphase I.
b. telophase I.
c. prophase II.
d. metaphase II.
e. anaphase II.
The following questions refer to the figure above of the life cycle of a pine.
The male gametophyte is indicated by
a. A.
b. B.
c. C.
d. D.
e. E.
The operation of natural selection depends upon the fact that
a. the strong always survive, whereas the weak always die.
b. some individuals have a better chance to produce more offspring.
c. mutations are always harmful.
d. acquired characteristics are inherited.
e. reproduction of all members of a species is virtually the same.
The above figure of a young cuckoo pushing a resident age out of the nest demonstrates
a. imprinting behavior.
b. displaying instinctive behavior.
c. feeding a social parasite.
d. a learned behavior.
e. all of these.
Placozoan
Choose the most appropriate answer for each.
a. two pairs of legs per segment
b. tiny, flattened, crawling forms
c. planarians, flukes, tapeworms
d. nematodes
e. snails, squids, clams
f. wheel animals
g. flagellated collar cells present
h. jellyfish and corals
i. crustaceans, ticks, and insects
j. polychaetes, earthworms, leeches
k. sea urchins, sea stars
The formation of amino acids under abiotic conditions was important because they
serve as
a. a supply of structural units for proteins.
b. enzymes to catalyze reactions.
c. subunits in the formation of DNA.
d. subunits in the formation of RNA.
e. subunits for the formation of lipids.
The value to Darwin of Lyell's ideas on the geologic history of the earth was the
a. evidence from fossils.
b. record of catastrophic changes that encouraged evolution.
c. confirmation of Lamarck's theories.
d. enormous lengths of time required for geologic events.
e. proof of several sites of creation.
Which blood type is the universal donor?
a. A
b. B
c. AB
d. O
e. none of these
Which of the following statements is TRUE about NADPH?
a. It is an enzyme.
b. It is the oxidized form of NADP+.
c. It is generated n the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
d. It accepts hydrogen and electrons from carbohydrates.
e. It obtains energy from ATP.
The ideal diet consists of all EXCEPT which of the following?
a. bulk
b. few carbohydrates
c. little salt and refined sugar
d. little red meat
e. fish, poultry, and legumes
gene pool
Choose the most appropriate letter for each.
a. a reference point that implies stability of gene frequencies through generations
b. encompasses all of those actually or potentially interbreeding populations that are
reproductively isolated from other such groups
c. the genes of an entire population
d. the frequency of homozygous dominants in a population
e. the frequencies of dominant and recessive alleles in a population
f. the frequency of heterozygotes in a population
g. the frequency of homozygous recessives in a population
h. heterozygote advantage in regions where malaria is found
i. pesticide-resistant pests
The extensive infolding of eukaryotic membranes form structures that allow for
a. the concentration of nutrients.
b. greater surface area for metabolism.
c. the transport of proteins.
d. the protection of metabolic machinery.
e. all of these.
The five reactions listed below occur during the noncyclic pathway of ATP formation.
Use them to respond to the following statements.
a. reduction of NADP+
b. phosphorylation of ADP
c. photolysis of water
d. oxidation of chlorophyll
e. reduction of chlorophyll
This process releases electrons to fill "holes" in chlorophyll in noncyclic ATP
formation.
sclerenchyma
Match all applicable letters with the appropriate term(s). Letters may be used more than
once, and a term may have more than one letter.
a. tissue that is part of the ground system
b. tissue that is part of the vascular system
c. tissue that is part of the dermal system
d. develops into the vascular cambium
e. leaf's photosynthetic tissues (palisade and spongy) are in this category
f. transports photosynthetic products away from leaves and stem
g. meristematic tissue
h. develops into secondary xylem and phloem
i. transports water and dissolved nutrients up to the stem and leaves
j. replaces the epidermis in plants that undergo secondary growth
k. a single layer of cells that helps control the movement of water and dissolved salts
into the xylem pipeline
l. influence the movement of carbon dioxide into the leaf and movement of water out of
the leaf
m. generally, dead cells that provide support and strength to all three tissue systems
n. ground tissue centrally located within a ring of vascular bundles
The validity of scientific discoveries is not based on
a. morality.
b. aesthetics.
c. philosophy.
d. economics.
e. any of these.
Deserts are usually found between what latitudes?
a. 0-15 degrees
b. 15-25 degrees
c. 25-40 degrees
d. 40-60 degrees
e. 60-90 degrees
serosa
Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a. a process that mixes the contents of the lumen and forces it against the absorptive
surface of the gut
b. stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion
c. thin, outermost layer of stomach
d. a softened ball of food particles
e. emulsify fat globules
f. have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g. innermost layer of the gut; contains diverse secretory cells
h. gastric inhibitory peptide
i. stimulates gallbladder and stomach emptying as well as pancreatic enzyme secretions
j. a mixture of food particles in the stomach
Fossils
a. are found in underground layers of rock.
b. are distributed underground, with the oldest forms near the top.
c. have more complex structures the deeper they are buried.
d. are the same throughout the world no matter where they are found.
e. that are most like living organisms are found deepest in the ground.
Answer the following questions in reference to the five plant tissues listed below.
a. parenchyma
b. collenchyma
c. sclerenchyma
d. xylem
e. phloem
Vascular tissue of a plant composed of tracheids and vessel members.
Collecting ducts in the kidney lead immediately into the
a. renal cortex.
b. renal medulla.
c. renal pelvis.
d. ureter.
e. urethra.
Mutations can be
a. random.
b. beneficial.
c. lethal.
d. heritable.
e. all of these.
For the following statements select the best choice of the four evolutionary processes
listed below.
a. mutation
b. gene flow
c. genetic drift
d. natural selection
The reduced contribution of one phenotype in comparison to another to the next
generation is an example of this.
Enzymes used to cut genes in recombinant DNA research are
a. ligases.
b. restriction enzymes.
c. transcriptases.
d. DNA polymerases.
e. replicases.
cleavage
Choose the one best answer for each numbered item.
a. visible marker of the site where an amphibian's body axis will be established and
where gastrulation will begin
b. the formation of two or three embryonic tissue layers
c. the fusion of male and female nuclei
d. the entire body divides transversely; each half grows and regenerates the missing part
e. selective gene expression results in different cell types
f. subdividing of the zygote by mitosis; no growth occurs
g. region of zygote that has less yolk and is pigmented
h. an embryonic stage of development that has three primary tissue layers before
organogenesis begins
i. the formation of organs
j. one body part develops in response to signals from an adjacent part
k. the growth, shaping, and spatial coordination of tissues and organs so that a
predefined pattern of the whole organism results
l. occurs in the formation of the human hand
The rate at which mRNA is processed by ribosomes is an example of
a. transcriptional control.
b. transcript processing control.
c. transport control.
d. translational control.
e. post-translational control.
Ecosystems may lose nitrogen through
a. denitrification.
b. nitrification.
c. nitrogen fixation.
d. all of these.
e. none of these.
phloem
Match all applicable letters with the appropriate term(s). Letters may be used more than
once, and a term may have more than one letter.
a. tissue that is part of the ground system
b. tissue that is part of the vascular system
c. tissue that is part of the dermal system
d. develops into the vascular cambium
e. leaf's photosynthetic tissues (palisade and spongy) are in this category
f. transports photosynthetic products away from leaves and stem
g. meristematic tissue
h. develops into secondary xylem and phloem
i. transports water and dissolved nutrients up to the stem and leaves
j. replaces the epidermis in plants that undergo secondary growth
k. a single layer of cells that helps control the movement of water and dissolved salts
into the xylem pipeline
l. influence the movement of carbon dioxide into the leaf and movement of water out of
the leaf
m. generally, dead cells that provide support and strength to all three tissue systems
n. ground tissue centrally located within a ring of vascular bundles
Which of the following is(are) specialization(s) that evolved in land plants that
was(were) unnecessary in their aquatic ancestors?
a. xylem
b. phloem
c. stomata
d. roots
e. all of these
Which of the following is an organism that possesses chaetae and nephridia and
exhibits coordinated movements of circular and longitudinal muscle?
a. millipede
b. tapeworm
c. polychaete
d. hookworm
e. flatworm
Individuals of a __________ share a gene pool.
Which would create a more acute dietary shortage for human beings - the loss of
monocot crops or the loss of dicot crops?
How do lampreys differ from modern jawed fishes?
An individual that has two dominant alleles for a trait (AA) is __________.
Labeling.
seminal vesicle
A __________ is an organ that allows exchange of nutrients between an embryo and its
mother.
White fruit color in summer squash is influenced by a dominant allele W, whereas
colored fruit must be ww. In the presence of ww, a dominant gene G results in yellow
fruit, and if the individual had both recessive genes in the homozygous condition, it
would be green. Give the F2 phenotypic ratios resulting from a cross of a pure-breeding
white of genotype WW GG with a green.
Use the concept of coevolution to explain the abundance of large mammals in Africa
after the rise of humans but their rapid demise in the Americas after the arrival of
humans.
Flowers consist of modified leaves (sepals, petals, __________, and __________ ) at
the ends of specialized branches.
Nutrients and antibodies move across the placenta from mother to embryo or fetus, as
do __________, which can cause birth defects.
Which is easier to establish in a pure-breeding population, a dominant or a recessive
gene?
Labeling.
epididymis
Labeling.
stomach
__________ are soils that have roughly equal proportions of sand, silt, and clay.
Why is SRY considered to be a master gene?
Labeling.
indicates the H zone.
