The only group of fungi to have a flagellated stage are the
a. Chytrids.
b. Ascomycetes.
c. Basidiomycetes.
d. Glomeromycetes.
e. Zygomycetes.
What is an acceptable probability of sampling error that may have skewed the results in
most scientific studies?
a. 80%
b. 50%
c. 25%
d. 10%
e. 5%
During muscle contractions,
a. the sarcomeres shorten.
b. the actin filaments slide over the myosin filaments.
c. the actin filaments move toward the middle of the sarcomere during contraction and
away on relaxation.
d. the muscle fibers thicken.
e. all of these occur.
The Dlx gene encodes a transcription factor that signals clusters of embryonic cells to
____ and give rise to an appendage.
a. fold into the cardiac muscle
b. protrude from the body
c. form reproductive structures
d. induce apoptosis in cells lining the appendages
e. develop into the immune system
Choose the one most appropriate description.
a. uses ribulose bisphosphate; produces PGA
b. uses ATP and NADPH
c. uses two PGAL
d. produces ATP and NADPH
e. uses an electron transfer chain to produce ATP
The formation of glucose
Rosalind Franklin was the first scientist to work with
a. the “wet” form of DNA.
b. dehydrated DNA.
c. DNA from eukaryotic cells.
d. X-rays in biological research.
e. and learn from Watson and Crick.
The female hormones that participate in milk production for and delivery to the
newborn are
a. prolactin and oxytocin.
b. prolactin and estrogen.
c. prolactin and progesterone.
d. oxytocin and estrogen.
e. oxytocin and progesterone.
Gel electrophoresis separates the DNA fragments according to
a. their length.
b. their mass.
c. their speed of travel through the gel.
d. the number of nucleotides in the fragment.
e. all of these.
Answer the following questions in reference to the five divisions of vascular plants
listed below.
a. lycophytes
b. bryophytes
c. monocots
d. conifers
e. eudicots
Members of this group are heterosporous with well-developed seed and pollen-bearing
cones.
The activation energy of a reaction refers to the minimum amount of energy
a. released by the reaction.
b. in the reactants.
c. in the products.
d. necessary to cause a reaction to proceed on its own.
e. difference between the energy of the reactants and the energy of the products.
Which of the following is NOT associated with a mushroom?
a. gill
b. dikaryotic hyphae
c. nuclear fusion
d. meiosis
e. flagellated spores.
The placental mammalian counterpart of Australia’s spiny anteater is the
a. Tasmanian devil.
b. aardvark.
c. giant anteater.
d. woolly lemur.
e. aardvark and giant anteater.
nanobes
Choose the most appropriate letter.
a. contain DNA, but may be too small to be alive
b. simple transitional forms between early organic compounds and the first living cells
c. red alga resident of hot springs
d. first organisms with the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis
e. source of the heat-resistant enzyme used in PCR
f. offered support for endosymbiosis
g. dome-shaped fossil remains of photoautotrophic bacteria (some nonfossil structures
also form).
h. protist with photosynthetic organelles that resemble cyanobacteria
i. earliest known organism that can be assigned to a modern group
Respond to the following statements in reference to the five components of mammalian
blood listed below.
a. red blood cells
b. basophils
c. platelets
d. albumin
This blood component plays a central role in clotting blood following a wound.
Tracers are elements that
a. are used in minute amounts in plants.
b. can be monitored through biochemical reactions.
c. must be inert.
d. have an unbalanced electrical charge.
e. must have a stable nucleus.
If this population of butterflies is in genetic equilibrium, the frequency of the
homozygous dominant genotype in the new generation will be
a. p2.
b. 2pq.
c. p2 + q2.
d. 490 AA.
e. p2 and 490 AA.
The following items are organelles found in animal cells. Respond to the statements
below with reference to these organelles.
a. ribosome
b. mitochondrion
c. lysosome
d. Golgi body
e. endoplasmic reticulum
RNA carries out the genetic code translation process in association with ribosomes on
this organelle.
The following questions refer to the age structure diagrams above.
A rapidly growing population is indicated by
a. A.
b. B.
c. C.
d. D.
e. none of these.
The letter “A” in the above figure represents
a. keratin-filled, dead epithelial cells.
b. replicating epithelium.
c. mucus produced by underlying ciliated cells.
d. white blood cells attacking a bacterial cell.
e. all of these.
placenta
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. acts to trigger ovulation in females
b. structures that secrete mucus and nutrients absorbable by sperm; open into the
ejaculatory duct
c. forms as an outgrowth of the yolk sac; becomes part of umbilical cord and urinary
bladder
d. a drug that causes severely deformed arms and legs in developing embryos
e. two of these connect seminiferous tubules with vasa deferentia
f. opening between uterus and vagina
g. organ that supplies the embryo/fetus with nutrients and removes wastes
h. connects epididymis with ejaculatory duct
i. hormones that stimulate uterine contractions in the female
j. cap over the head of a sperm; contains lytic enzymes to penetrate egg membranes
k. inner cell mass plus trophoblast; attaches to uterine wall
l. testosterone produced here
m. sensitive to sexual stimulation; develops from same embryonic tissues as does the
penis in males
n. the uterine lining
o. acts on gonad to help mature gametes; released from anterior lobe of pituitary
How much mercury can the average human safely consume per day?
a. 1 microgram.
b. 3 micrograms.
c. 7 micrograms.
d. 10 micrograms.
e. 100 micrograms.
Barr body
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. a condensed X chromosome
b. protein that combines with DNA all along its length
c. attaches or detaches from operator to regulate transcription
d. portion of the operon that binds RNA polymerase
e. gene capable of inducing cancerous transformations
f. genes controlling the development of the body plan
g. the mutated form is associated with breast cancer
h. binding sites on DNA where certain regulatory proteins increase transcription rates
Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
An asexually reproducing individual is indicated by
a. A.
b. B.
c. C.
d. D.
e. E.
Which of the following is(are) true concerning strength training?
a. causes muscle fibers to thicken
b. promotes synthesis of actin and myosin
c. produces muscle fibers with little endurance
d. produces muscle fibers that fatigue quickly
e. all of these occur
The experiments of which of the following researchers clearly distinguished DNA and
NOT protein as the hereditary material?
a. Pauling
b. Hershey and Chase
c. Griffith
d. Watson and Crick
e. Avery
Which of the following is a cause of apnea?
a. a tumor in the brain near the medulla oblongata
b. lung cancer
c. high altitude sickness
d. low red blood cell count
e. none of these
The accumulation of free oxygen in the atmosphere
a. was a result of the accumulation of a by-product of a type of photosynthesis.
b. prevented the further spontaneous generation of life.
c. provided the opportunity to extract more energy through aerobic respiration.
d. did not occur immediately after the earth was formed.
e. did all of these.
The primary function of the large intestine is
a. formation of feces.
b. retention of water.
c. manufacture of vitamin K.
d. digestion of fats.
e. absorption of water.
An X-linked recessive gene (c) produces red-green color blindness. A normal woman
whose father was color blind marries a color-blind man.
(a) What are the possible genotypes for the mother of the color-blind man?
(b) What are the possible genotypes for the father of the color-blind man?
(c) What are the chances that the first son will be color blind?
(d) What are the chances that the first daughter will be color blind?
Respond to the following statements in reference to the five plant hormones listed
below.
a. auxins
b. gibberellins
c. cytokinins
d. abscisic acid
e. ethylene
Hormones involved in stem elongation and closely related chemically to certain weed
killers like 2,4-D.
A malfunction in one of the lysosomal enzymes responsible for breaking down
gangliosides leads to
a. cystic fibrosis.
b. Huntington’s disease.
c. cretinism.
d. muscular dystrophy.
e. Tay-Sachs disease
Salamanders
Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a. cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b. reptile with four-chambered heart
c. placental mammal
d. legless amphibian
e. invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f. endotherm with feathers
g. limbless reptile
h. most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i. modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j. marsupial
k. adult is called ‘sea squirt”
l. egg-laying mammal
m. swim bladder for buoyancy
n. may be sexually mature in larval form
The splitting of water produces three products. Name and discuss the role of each.
A human male has engaged in sexual activity. Did he use his sympathetic or
parasympathetic nervous system?
__________, products of master genes, act as long-range signals that diffuse out from a
source and form a concentration gradient.
Chart the path of food through the human digestive system.
Labeling.
Petal
What is unique about hydrothermal vents as an ecosystem?
Labeling.
thymus
__________ behavior can occur without having been learned by experience.
Proteins that speed metabolic reactions might have first formed when reactants could
have begun interacting inside tiny holes in rocks near deep-sea __________.
What skeletal features differentiate modern humans from apes, and what common
purpose do all these differences serve?
Monocots and eudicots differ in how xylem and phloem are distributed in ground tissue,
in the number of petals in flowers, and in the number of __________.
__________ are regions rich in endemic species and under a high level of threat.
microfilaments
Which sort of interaction is harmful to one species but beneficial to the other?
Labeling.
contains bonding sites that are indirectly activated by calcium ions.