Which of the following do not depend directly on sunlight for energy?
I. terrestrial producers
II. animal consumers
III. decomposers
a. I only
b. II and III only
c. II only
d. III only
e. I and III
Which of the following is true concerning root nodules?
a. They may kill a plant.
b. They are produced by a fungus.
c. They remove nitrogen compounds from the plant.
d. They convert the harmful ammonia that plant cells produce into gaseous nitrogen.
e. None of these are true.
Energy sources are needed for which of the following processes?
I. reproduction
II. growth
III. development
a. I and II
b. I and III
c. II only
d. II and III
e. I, II, and III
Respond to the following statements with reference to the five components of the
gastrointestinal tract listed below.
a. stomach
b. gallbladder
c. small intestine
d. appendix
e. large intestine
Enzymatic digestion of proteins occurs primarily in this organ.
Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a. contain enzymes for intracellular digestion
b. are primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled
c. package cellular secretions for export
d. extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and carbon
dioxide
e. synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm
f. transcribe, translate hereditary instructions into specific proteins
g. store substances
h. encode hereditary information
i. help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division
j. convert light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or
starch
Microtubules
A bell-shaped curve of phenotypic variation is indicative of
a. incomplete dominance.
b. continuous variation.
c. multiple alleles.
d. epistasis.
e. environmental variables on phenotypes.
The letter “B” in the above figure represents
a. cortex.
b. cornea.
c. fovea.
d. blood vessels.
e. optic nerve.
The following are types of chemical bonds. Answer the questions below by matching
the descriptions with the most appropriate bond type.
a. hydrogen
b. ionic
c. covalent
d. polar covalent
e. double bond
the bond between the oxygen atoms of oxygen gas (O2)
Individuals in the population grouped according to levels of maturity define the
population’s
a. carrying capacity.
b. age structure.
c. density.
d. size.
e. birth rate.
The following questions refer to the figure above.
Ventilation by an individual exercising strenuously is indicated by
a. A.
b. B.
c. C.
d. D.
e. E.
Spiders use high blood pressure for all of the following EXCEPT to
a. oppose the contraction of their leg muscles.
b. extend their hind legs outward.
c. assist in jumping.
d. pump blood into body tissues.
e. compensate for their lack of opposing leg muscles.
The following questions refer to the figure above.
Decomposers are indicated by
a. A.
b. B.
c. C.
d. D.
e. E.
The following questions refer to the figure above illustrating Miller’s reaction chamber.
Miller’s reaction chamber contained gases intended to simulate the atmosphere of the
ancient Earth. Which of the following gases was NOT included?
a. carbon dioxide
b. methane
c. ammonia
d. water vapor
e. hydrogen gas
Frontal lobe
Choose the most appropriate answer.
a. integrates body position, motions, balance
b. in cnidarians; based on reflex pathways devoted to swimming and feeding
c. messages from here arouse the brain and maintain wakefulness
d. the cortical region that coordinates muscles required for speech
e. all parts of nerve cells outside the brain and spinal cord
f. acetylcholine is an example
g. reflex control center for breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure
h. axons of the central nervous system that are sheathed with fatty myelin
i. at top of the brainstem bordering the cerebral hemispheres; influences learning and
emotional behavior
j. motor neurons that are divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
k. membrane coverings over brain spinal cord
l. contains the tectum; receives and integrates sensory information that is largely sent on
to the forebrain for further neural processing
m. connects right and left cerebral hemispheres
n. group of nerve cell bodies that form an integrative center
o. contains centers concerned with body temperature regulation and with salt and water
balance
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. gives rise to periderm
b. nucleate phloem cells that help load and unload the phloem
c. dead cells with perforation plates; more efficient at water conduction than other
xylem cells
d. living nonnucleated cells that conduct food from photosynthetic source area to
storage sink area
e. a cylinder of parenchyma cells outside the vascular tissue but inside the endodermis
f. clusters of strands containing xylem, phloem, and vascular cambium
g. dead cells without perforation plates; the principal xylem cells of nonflowering
vascular plants
h. cells with thick secondary walls impregnated with lignin that are especially abundant
in some fruits and seeds
i. the principal photosynthetic region of a leaf
j. regions that can undergo mitosis
k. gas exchange and storage plus photosynthesis
Sieve elements
The following are chemical functional groups that may be part of a biologically active
molecule. Answer the questions by matching the items with the most appropriate group.
a. -COOH
b. -CH3
c. -NH2
d. -OH
e.
f. -PO4
3-
g. -CHO
The group on the amino-terminal end of proteins
An individual with a genetic makeup ofaa BB is called
a. true-breeding.
b. recessive.
c. hybrid.
d. dihybrid.
e. heterozygous.
stromatolites
Choose the most appropriate letter.
a. contain DNA, but may be too small to be alive
b. simple transitional forms between early organic compounds and the first living cells
c. red alga resident of hot springs
d. first organisms with the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis
e. source of the heat-resistant enzyme used in PCR
f. offered support for endosymbiosis
g. dome-shaped fossil remains of photoautotrophic bacteria (some nonfossil structures
also form).
h. protist with photosynthetic organelles that resemble cyanobacteria
i. earliest known organism that can be assigned to a modern group
Which of the following is not true of mutations?
a. They are always dangerous.
b. They can occur as DNA replication errors.
c. They cannot be repaired after replication.
d. They may become cancerous.
e. If in eggs or sperm the pass to the next generation.
Peptidoglycan is a compound in
a. bacterial flagella.
b. bacterial cell walls.
c. archaean cell walls.
d. archaean flagella.
e. all of these.
When DDT was first introduced, insects were very susceptible to it. The development
of resistance to DDT by insects was the result of
a. special creation.
b. natural selection of forms that expressed genes for resistance.
c. the high biotic potential of insects.
d. a naturally occurring example of inheritance of acquired characteristics.
e. mutation induced by DDT.
The megaspore produces a plant with ____ cells.
a. 2
b. 7
c. 8
d. 14
e. 16
Prophase
Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a. cytoplasm apportioned between the two daughter cells
b. final phase of mitosis; daughter nuclei re-form
c. two sister chromatids are joined here
d. chromosomes condense and mitotic spindle begins to form
e. chromosomes line up at spindle equator
f. sister chromatids separate, move to opposite spindle poles
g. about 25 nm in diameter; form mitotic spindle
h. half of a chromosome in prophase
i. in pairs in some eukaryotic cells; move to poles during spindle formation
Which of the following statements is false?
a. Enzymes are highly specific and act on chemicals called substrates.
b. Enzymes act as catalysts and speed up chemical reactions within cells.
c. Most enzymes work best under very low pH conditions.
d. Most enzymes are proteins.
e. Enzymes can become deactivated by high fevers.
Use the five processes listed below for the following questions.
a. glycolysis
b. aerobic respiration
c. anaerobic electron transfer
d. alcoholic fermentation
e. lactate fermentation
In this process, the net energy yield is equal to two molecules of ATP, and the final
product is ethanol.
Neuroglial cells
a. metabolically support other neurons.
b. form sheaths around neurons and increase the rate of impulse transmission.
c. form more than half of the volume of the brain.
d. provide physical support.
e. do all of these.
For roundworms living in the intestine of a vertebrate, the cuticle most probably serves
in what capacity?
a. water retention
b. nutrient absorption
c. protection from digestive enzymes
d. excretion of metabolic wastes
e. sensory detection
Some of the stages of meiosis are listed below. For the following statements, select the
best choice of these stages.
a. prophase I
b. metaphase II
c. anaphase I
d. anaphase II
e. telophase I
New genetic combinations upon which natural selection can act are present after this
stage.
Memory cell production is associated with
a. the body’s first line of defense.
b. the body’s second line of defense.
c. the body’s third line of defense.
d. complement production.
e. acute inflammation.
Franklin’s assignment at Cambridge was to investigate the structure of
a. proteins.
b. coal.
c. DNA.
d. carbohydrates.
e. lipids.
Repressors
a. bind to operators.
b. lie between operators.
c. lie between promoters.
d. lie after operators.
e. are part of an operon.
The situation in which an embryo produced as a result of a mating between individuals
of different species is incompatible with the mother and is subsequently aborted is an
example of
a. temporal isolation.
b. hybrid inviability.
c. mechanical isolation.
d. gametic mortality.
e. behavioral isolation.