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Plants cannot ____ in the dark.
a. grow
b. respire
c. move
d. utilize chlorophyll
e. sense light
Match the following letters to the number with which they best correspond.
a. Observation
b. Question
c. Hypothesis
d. Prediction
e. Observational experiment
f. Laboratory experiment
g. Assessment
h. Report
Conduct a survey of individuals who smoke and individuals who do not smoke.
Determine which group has the highest incidence of cancers.
hypothermia
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. do not maintain the same body temperature at all times; are capable of internal heat
production
b. heat energy is released to the air when liquid water converts to gaseous form
c. bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d. animals with more or less constant body temperature
e. emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than
the body temperature
f. movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g. loss of too much body heat
h. heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i. active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular
capillaries
j. a long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k. body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes
l. secreted by adrenal glands; influences sodium reabsorption
m. passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron
into peritubular capillaries
n. heat energy is transferred from high to low temperature regions due to collisions
between adjacent molecules
o. released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary in response to hypothalamic signals
p. toxic substances are extracted from blood circulating in cellophane tubes suspended
in a warm-water bath
q. erection of hairs and feathers by smooth muscles in the skin
Insulin directly affects the
a. secretion of saliva.
b. storage of proteins.
c. secretion of pancreatic juices.
d. metabolism of glucose.
e. utilization of fat reserves.
Adequate intake of ____ by a mother-to-be before and during early pregnancy may
reduce the risk of spina bifida and other serious neural tube defects.
a. carbohydrates
b. folic acid
c. calcium
d. vitamin C
e. sodium
Respond to the following statements with reference to the five components of
respiratory systems listed below.
a. pharynx
b. larynx
c. trachea
d. bronchiole
e. alveolus
Spent air moves from the bronchial tubes to this component.
The items below are processes that occur during different stages of photosynthesis.
Answer the following questions by selecting one of these three processes.
a. oxidation
b. reduction
c. phosphorylation
This process leads to the formation of ATP from ADP plus inorganic phosphate.
Speciation occurs
a. after populations become reproductively isolated.
b. when mutations generate observable differences.
c. when transitional forms develop between different populations.
d. when natural selection pressures reach their maximum.
e. with all of these.
Cuvier, an anatomist and paleontologist, proposed that
a. all present-day organisms have descended, with adaptations, from one--or possibly a
few--original organisms.
b. the earth's history has been marked by several periods when destruction of
populations was widespread and that, after each such period, the earth was repopulated.
c. evolutionary changes in organisms are caused by use and disuse.
d. although evolution is responsible for all the changes that happen to species, one
center of creation resulted in the original members of each species.
e. none of these are true.
acrosome
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. acts to trigger ovulation in females
b. structures that secrete mucus and nutrients absorbable by sperm; open into the
ejaculatory duct
c. forms as an outgrowth of the yolk sac; becomes part of umbilical cord and urinary
bladder
d. a drug that causes severely deformed arms and legs in developing embryos
e. two of these connect seminiferous tubules with vasa deferentia
f. opening between uterus and vagina
g. organ that supplies the embryo/fetus with nutrients and removes wastes
h. connects epididymis with ejaculatory duct
i. hormones that stimulate uterine contractions in the female
j. cap over the head of a sperm; contains lytic enzymes to penetrate egg membranes
k. inner cell mass plus trophoblast; attaches to uterine wall
l. testosterone produced here
m. sensitive to sexual stimulation; develops from same embryonic tissues as does the
penis in males
n. the uterine lining
o. acts on gonad to help mature gametes; released from anterior lobe of pituitary
The electrons for photosynthesis come from:
a. ATP.
b. glucose.
c. NADP+.
d. chlorophyll a.
e. H2O.
Chloroplasts of red algae may have evolved from ancient endosymbiotic
a. cyanobacteria.
b. dinoflagellates.
c. apicomplexans.
d. archaeans.
e. nitrifying bacteria.
The animal in the above figure is using ____ for protection.
a. mimicry
b. display behavior
c. warning coloration
d. chemical defenses
e. camouflage
The structure indicated by the letter "C" above represents
a. actin.
b. myofibril.
c. myosin.
d. myofilament.
e. muscle fiber.
Members of what domain are evolutionarily closest to eukaryotes?
a. Animalia
b. Protista
c. Fungi
d. Bacteria
e. Archaea
The following are types of chemical bonds. Answer the questions below by matching
the descriptions with the most appropriate bond type.
a. hydrogen
b. ionic
c. covalent
d. polar covalent
e. double bond
the bond that breaks when salts dissolve in water
The great adaptive radiation of hominoids in the Miocene is attributable to
a. the proliferation of complex forests.
b. an extended cooling and drying trend.
c. the advent of bipedalism.
d. the evolution of a large brain.
e. changes in tooth structure.
Loams are soils with the best water and oxygen penetration because they have
a. a high proportion of sand.
b. a high proportion of silt.
c. a high proportion of clay.
d. high proportions of sand and silt and a low proportion of clay.
e. equal proportions of sand, silt, and clay.
Fossils from which would be the oldest from the Grand Canyon?
a. hermit shale.
b. redwall limestone.
c. temple butte formation.
d. bright angel shale.
e. vishnu basement rocks.
Obese people have a greater risk of all of the following EXCEPT
a. type 1 diabetes.
b. colon cancer.
c. high blood pressure.
d. breast cancer.
e. heart disease.
Which embryonic tissue is incorrectly associated with its derivative?
a. skin; mesoderm
b. nervous system; ectoderm
c. liver; endoderm
d. circulatory system; mesoderm
e. brain; ectoderm
DNA chips are used
a. to sequence DNA.
b. in DNA fingerprinting.
c. to determine which genes are silent or are being expressed.
d. in PCR.
e. for all of these.
Select the best choice for the following statements in reference to the five classes listed
below.
a. Cartilaginous fishes
b. Bony fishes
c. Amphibians
d. Reptilians
Members of one unusual group may have been ancestors of amphibians.
Which of the following statements about the electromagnetic spectrum is true?
a. Infrared energy is sufficient to produce ionization.
b. Infrared radiation has more energy than red radiation.
c. Visible light has more energy than ultraviolet radiation.
d. Chlorophyll absorbs some visible wavelengths, but not all.
e. Chloroplasts absorb all wavelengths of visible light equally.
Normal bacterial inhabitants of the human body
a. are naturally resistant to antibiotics.
b. are able to out-compete some invading pathogens and thus are one of the body's
initial defense mechanisms.
c. can be transformed into pathogenic forms if a person's resistance to disease is low.
d. are unable to survive the human body's defense mechanisms.
e. are able to out-compete some invading pathogens and thus are part of the body's
innate immunity.
Some of the stages of meiosis are listed below. For the following statements, select the
best choice of these stages.
a. prophase I
b. metaphase II
c. anaphase I
d. anaphase II
e. telophase I
Pairing of homologues occurs during this stage.
A chromosome's gene sequence that was ABCDEFG before damage and ABFEDCG
after is an example of
a. inversion.
b. deletion.
c. duplication.
d. translocation.
e. aneuploidy.
Blood in arteries
a. always travels away from the heart.
b. travels away from the heart only if it is oxygenated.
c. always travels toward the heart.
d. travels from the lungs.
e. is always oxygenated.
Use the figure above to answer the following questions. It shows the life cycle of
Chlamydomonas, a green alga.
Meiosis and germination of spores is indicated by letter
a. A.
b. B.
c. C.
d. D.
e. E.
Respond to the following statements with reference to the five plant macronutrients
listed below.
a. nitrogen
b.potassium
c.calcium
d.magnesium
e.phosphorus
This nutrient helps to maintain turgor pressure.
Neanderthals were members of
a. Australopithecus robustus.
b. Homo habilis (early Homo).
c. Homo erectus.
d. Homo sapiens.
e. none of these.
The structure in the above figure demonstrates which of the following?
a. transcription and translation occur simultaneously on a single strand
b. ribosomes attached to a strand of DNA
c. a small ribosomal subunit
d. multiple ribosomes on a strand of mRNA
e. all of these
Carbon dioxide is an example of a(n)
a. atom.
b. ion.
c. compound.
d. mixture.
e. element.
Miocene
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. a group that includes apes and humans
b. a population of Homo spp. that lived from at least 100,000 to as recently as 30,000
years ago; tool users and artisans
c. the order that includes animals with freely swiveling limbs, mobile grasping digits,
upright body posture, good depth perception, and exquisite neural control
d. organisms in a group that includes New World and Old World monkeys, apes, and
humans
e. an era that began 65 to 63 million years ago; characterized by the evolution of birds,
mammals, and flowering plants
f. an epoch of the Cenozoic lasting from 23.8 million to 5.3 million years ago;
characterized by the appearance of primitive apes
g. an epoch of the Cenozoic lasting from 5.3 million to 1.8 million years ago;
characterized by the appearance of distinctly modern plants and animals
h. bipedal organisms from about 3.2 to 2.3 million years ago, with essentially human
bodies and ape-shaped heads; "Southern Apes"
i. a group including humans and human-like species
Use the figure above showing cyclic events in a human ovary to answer the following
questions.
An ovarian follicle is indicated by
a. A.
b. B.
c. C.
d. D.
e. E.
