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Triploidy
Choose the most appropriate answer for each.
a. 3n; generally sterile
b. a chromosome segment is permanently transferred to a nonhomologous chromosome
c. (2n 1); a zygote deprived of a chromosome
d. a repeat of a particular DNA sequence in the same chromosome or in nonhomologous
ones
e. (2n + 1); three chromosomes of the same kind are present in a set of chromosomes
f. a piece of the chromosome is inadvertently left out during the repair process
g. inhibits microtubule assembly; used in karyotyping
h. a chromosome segment that has been cut out and rejoined at the same place, but
backward
The following questions refer to the figure above illustrating the initial steps in the
formation of recombinant DNA.
The scissors in the figure represent
a. restriction enzymes.
b. reverse transcriptases.
c. DNA polymerases.
d. RNA polymerases.
e. DNA ligases.
Genetic engineering has produced which of the following animals?
a. freeze-resistant salmon
b. low-fat pigs
c. extra hefty sheep
d. cows resistant to mad cow disease
e. all of these
DNA replication occurs
a. between the gap phases of interphase.
b. immediately before prophase of mitosis.
c. during prophase of mitosis.
d. during prophase of meiosis.
e. at any time during cell division.
The following questions refer to the figure above illustrating frog development.
Fertilization is indicated by
a. A.
b. B.
c. C.
d. D.
e. E.
Answer the following questions using the five groups listed below:
a. halophiles
b. cyanobacteria
c. thermophiles
d. proteobacteria
e. methanogens
These bacteria can live in water of very high salt concentration.
Respond to the following statements with reference to the five plant micronutrients
listed below.
a.iron
b.boron
c.manganese
d.zinc
e.copper
Deficiency of this nutrient results in leaves with dark veins, but leaves whiten and fall
off.
Triglycerides are
a. carbohydrates.
b. nucleotides.
c. proteins.
d. neutral fats.
e. amino acids.
Actual assembly of sugars during photosynthesis
a. occurs during light-independent reactions.
b. takes place in the stroma.
c. requires NADPH.
d. requires ATP.
e. does all of these.
Select the best choice for the following statements using the five groups listed below.
a. apicomplexans
b. amoebozoans
c. euglenoids
d. dinoflagellates
e. trypanosomes
These possess an eyespot for detecting light needed for photosynthesis.
A plant secretes ____ when it needs to respond defensively to a pathogen.
a. salicylic acid
b. systemin
c. brassinosteroids
d. mineralocorticoids
e. nitric oxide
Which of the following statements is(are) generally TRUE of pigments?
a. They absorb some photons.
b. They reflect all photons.
c. They absorb photons of all colors.
d. They absorb photons of all wavelengths.
e. They do all of these.
Which tissue will NOT be crushed or sloughed off by the growing of the stem?
a. vascular cambium
b. epidermis
c. cortex
d. pith
e. endodermis
B lymphocytes
Match each term with the most appropriate statement.
a. cells that do not divide, die in less than a week, and secrete antibodies
b. cells that directly destroy body cells already infected by viral or fungal parasites, as
well as mutant and cancerous cells
c. lymphocytes that are held in reserve, circulate in the bloodstream, and enable a rapid
response to subsequent encounters with the same invader
d. able to lyse cells by forming pore complexes
e. cells that are produced in the bone marrow, are never changed by the thymus, and
manufacture antibodies
f. able to destroy cells but not dependent on recognition of antigen-MHC complexes
g. a class of proteins that help cells of the immune system communicate
h. "big eaters" that alert other lymphocytes to the invasion of specific antigens
i. immature cells that may or may not be committed to develop into one of several
mature cell types
j. a group of cells that are all produced asexually from one original parent cell
k. surface patterns of nonself molecules or particles
l. proteins released by cytotoxic T cells to destroy target cell membranes
m. preparation injected into the body to elicit a primary immune response
n. one of this group has been identified as the causative agent of AIDS
The secretion of each of the anterior pituitary hormones requires
a. stimulation from the posterior pituitary.
b. that they first be secreted from the neurons of the hypothalamus.
c. stimulation from hypothalamus hormones.
d. stimulation from adrenal gland hormones.
e. t nervous stimulation from the pons.
Of the following, which does NOT characterize a population in genetic equilibrium?
a. large population size
b. no mutation
c. differential reproduction
d. absence of gene flow
e. random mating
Gibberellin
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Some letters may not be used.
a. flower each successive year or after several years of vegetative growth
b. promotes cell elongation in stems
c. has receptor sites for a particular hormonal message
d. a hollow, cylindrical organ that protects young leaves growing within it
e. blue-green pigment that absorbs light energy
f. low-temperature stimulation of flowering
g. stimulates stomata closure and might be involved in root geotropism
h. stimulates fruit ripening
i. reproduces in spring
j. produces only roots, stems, and leaves the first growing season and produces flowers
the second year
k. occurring on a 24-hour cycle
l. flowers in autumn
m. a nonhormonal plant growth regulator
n. lives for only one growing season
o. promotes stem elongation in plants
p. pigment involved in flowering process
Enzymes from the pancreas function in the
a. stomach.
b. colon.
c. small intestine.
d. mouth.
e. esophagus.
Which of the following is a transfer of genes between non-homologous chromosomes?
a. crossing over
b. aneuploidy
c. trisomy
d. translocation
e. duplication
All of the following have exoskeletons EXCEPT
a. lobsters.
b. spiders.
c. insects.
d. earthworms.
e. centipedes.
Which of the following four statements is NOT true?
a. The location of the centromere is unique for each chromosome.
b. Some spindle fibers become attached to kinetochores.
c. The spindle apparatus is composed of protein molecules of tubulin.
d. Some microtubules overlap at the spindle equator.
e. All of these are NOT true.
disaccharidase
Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a. made in the small intestine and pancreas; act on peptide fragments
b. glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c. made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d. made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e. made by the small intestine; acts on double sugars
f. made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g. contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h. made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i. stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j. circular muscle acts like valve
"Acidic" is an appropriate description for all EXCEPT which one of the following?
a. excess hydrogen ions
b. the contents of the stomach
c. magnesium hydroxide
d. HCl
e. a pH less than 7
Embryo sac
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. male spores of anthers
b. site where pollen tube usually penetrates the ovule
c. develops into a fruit at maturity
d. a 2n cell that will help form nutrients for the developing plant embryo
e. cluster of matured ovaries attached to a common receptacle
f. modified leaf with pigments and fragrance-producing cells
g. immature male gametophyte
h. female reproductive organ
i. landing platform for pollen
j. pollen-bearing structure
k. female spores of ovule
l. outermost whorl of leaf parts on a receptacle; generally green, but sometimes
pigmented
m. female gametophyte
n. matured ovaries of several flowers fused together into a single mass (for example,
pineapple, fig)
o. forms a seed at maturity
Guard cells
a. surround the stoma.
b. control the flow of gases between the interior of a leaf and the atmosphere.
c. become turgid when it becomes light if environmental conditions are not too hot or
too dry.
d. may absorb water from surrounding epidermal cells.
e. do all of these.
Which of the following specialized structures is NOT correctly paired with a function?
a. gullet; ingestion
b. cilia; food gathering
c. pellicle; digestion
d. contractile vacuole; water balance
e. pellicle; flexible support
Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
The effect of red light on phytochrome is indicated by
a. A.
b. B.
c. C.
d. D.
e. none of these.
Translocation
Choose the most appropriate answer response for each question.
a. responsible for opening and closing of stomata
b. mouthpart of an aphid
c. pipelines of the xylem
d. a mutually beneficial association between a fungus and a young root
e. structures on roots that house nitrogen-fixing bacteria
f. pipelines of the phloem
g. evaporation from stems and leaves
h. actively transport sucrose into sieve tubes
i. eudicot plants that tend to establish symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing
bacteria
j. transport of organic molecules from source region to sink
k. a waxy band that forces water to diffuse through cells
Which of the following is a common cause of interrupted breathing?
a. sleep apnea
b. lung cancer
c. high altitude sickness
d. low red blood cell count
e. none of these
Sharks
Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a. cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b. reptile with four-chambered heart
c. placental mammal
d. legless amphibian
e. invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f. endotherm with feathers
g. limbless reptile
h. most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i. modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j. marsupial
k. adult is called 'sea squirt"
l. egg-laying mammal
m. swim bladder for buoyancy
n. may be sexually mature in larval form
Where would the CFTR gene not be heavily expressed?
a. Lungs.
b. Reproductive system.
c. Intestines.
d. Brain.
e. Skin.
food chain
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. rate at which energy becomes stored in organic compounds through photosynthesis
b. total amount of solar energy stored in organic compounds during photosynthesis
c. a straight-line sequence of steps by which chemical bond energy moves to higher
trophic levels
d. the potential chemical energy remaining (after aerobic respiration by autotrophs) that
can be passed on to other trophic levels
e. DDT in the environment
f. a kind of plant that increases soil nitrogen content
g. particles of organic waste products, dead, or partly decomposed tissues
