Which represents the lowest degree of certainty?
a. hypothesis
b. conclusion
c. fact
d. principle
e. theory
Respond to the following statements in reference to the five items listed below.
a. antigens
b. antibodies
c. helper T cells
d. cytotoxic T cells
e. effector B cells
An Rh+ molecule in the body of an Rh woman is an example of these.
Which of the above letters represents the brain or controlling system of nerve reactions
in this organism?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. none of these
Which of the following most accurately describes the cellular activity associated with
the actual passage of a nerve impulse?
a. electrical discharge
b. action of sodium-potassium pump
c. positive feedback
d. hyperpolarization followed by rebalancing
e. active transport of ions
Which of the following quantities of alcoholic beverages have the least damaging effect
on the liver?
a. a bottle of beer
b. a glass of wine
c. a shot of vodka
d. either a bottle of beer or a glass of wine
e. all have the same amount of ethanol and therefore have similar effects on the liver
Break down of the corpus luteum coincides with a ____ levels if pregnancy does NOT
occur.
a. decline in chorionic gonadotropin
b. decline in LH
c. surge in progesterone
d. spike in LH
e. spike in extrogen
hydrothermal ecosystem
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. northern coniferous forest
b. increases oceanic productivity
c. mosaics of tall, coarse grasses, shrubs, and low trees; even, humid forests; high
rainfall
d. stratified on rocky coasts
e. includes sediments and rocks on the ocean bottom
f. stratified communities with vines, orchids, and monkeys, and nutrient-poor soil
g. chemoautotrophs are the primary producers
h. dwarf willows, mosses, lichens, caribou, and permafrost
i. nurseries of the oceans
j. a large region characterized by its large array of dominant primary producers
The radioactive decay of 14C produces
a. carbon 12.
b. carbon 13.
c. more carbon 14.
d. nitrogen 14.
e. oxygen 14.
El Nio is a recurring weather phenomenon that
a. increases global warming.
b. stabilizes world climates.
c. produces a fluctuation in global weather.
d. depletes the ozone layer.
e. increases oceanic productivity.
Which of the following are most permeable to water and small molecules?
a. glomerular capillaries
b. peritubular capillaries
c. afferent arterioles
d. ureters
e. efferent arterioles
LH
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. acts to trigger ovulation in females
b. structures that secrete mucus and nutrients absorbable by sperm; open into the
ejaculatory duct
c. forms as an outgrowth of the yolk sac; becomes part of umbilical cord and urinary
bladder
d. a drug that causes severely deformed arms and legs in developing embryos
e. two of these connect seminiferous tubules with vasa deferentia
f. opening between uterus and vagina
g. organ that supplies the embryo/fetus with nutrients and removes wastes
h. connects epididymis with ejaculatory duct
i. hormones that stimulate uterine contractions in the female
j. cap over the head of a sperm; contains lytic enzymes to penetrate egg membranes
k. inner cell mass plus trophoblast; attaches to uterine wall
l. testosterone produced here
m. sensitive to sexual stimulation; develops from same embryonic tissues as does the
penis in males
n. the uterine lining
o. acts on gonad to help mature gametes; released from anterior lobe of pituitary
The following questions refer to the figure above.
The vital capacity is indicated by
a. A + D.
b. A + D + E.
c. C + E.
d. A + B + C + D.
e. A + C + D.
Milk production in women is stimulated by
a. estrogen.
b. prolactin.
c. oxytocin.
d. prostaglandin.
e. progesterone.
In the conversion of pyruvate to ethanol, which of the following is(are) produced?
a. acetaldehyde
b. carbon dioxide
c. NADH
d. acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide only
e. acetaldehyde, carbon dioxide, and NADH
Substrate-level phosphorylation
a. occurs during glycolysis.
b. requires the presence of oxygen.
c. is a precursor for the phosphorylation of glucose.
d. is the source for the majority of the ATP produced in aerobic respiration.
e. all of these are true.
Which of the following would be a modern example of Lamarckianism?
a. A strain of houseflies resistant to insecticides emerges.
b. Squirrels separated by a river are found to be unable to interbreed.
c. A son is born with a portion of his right index finger missing–the same portion that
was severed from his father’s hand in an accident.
d. A strain of houseflies resistant to insecticides emerges, and squirrels separated by a
river are found to be unable to interbreed.
e. A strain of houseflies resistant to insecticides emerges; squirrels separated by a river
are found to be unable to interbreed, and a son is born with a portion of his right index
finger missing–the same portion that was cut off from his father’s hand in an accident.
Smoking tobacco regularly during pregnancy results in all EXCEPT
a. increased risk of miscarriage.
b. newborns of lower birth weight.
c. reduced vitamin C levels for the mother-to-be and for her fetus.
d. fetal facial and cranial deformities.
e. higher incidence of fetal heart defects.
The poor fishing off the coast of Peru associated with El Nio is related to oceanic
a. lack of typical oceanic upwellings.
b. upwellings.
c. thermal inversions.
d. cyclonic activity.
e. oxygen depletion.
The Plant Body
The letter “A” in the above figure represents
a. ground tissue.
b. dermal tissue.
c. vascular tissue.
d. apical meristem.
e. shoot root combination.
The majority of vascular plants possess or are characterized by
a. leaves.
b. dependent gametophytes.
c. seeds.
d. microspores and megaspores.
e. all of these.
Unexpected phenotypes can be the result of
a. altered metabolic pathways.
b. a gene mutating in different ways in different individuals.
c. an environmental effect during development.
d. a post-developmental environmental effect.
e. any of these.
The ____ fungi rely on extracellular digestion and absorption of energy-rich substances
from living organisms.
a. chemosynthetic
b. saprobic
c. parasitic
d. plasmodial
e. autotrophic
Respond to the following statements with reference to the five types of white cells
listed below.
a. macrophages
b. helper T cells
c. B cells
d. cytotoxic T cells
e. natural killer cells
Antibody production occurs in these cells.
Fleshy fruits with hard seed coats, such as cherries, are more likely to be dispersed by
____ than by other means.
a. wind
b. adhering to animal fur
c. passing through animal guts
d. falling to the ground, rotting, and releasing their seeds
e. water currents
Radiometric dating
a. is based on the premise that each isotope decays at a constant rate.
b. is unpredictable because changes in temperature and pressure alter the results.
c. can be used to date sedimentary rock.
d. has a large error factor.
e. is used for dating only recent fossils.
xylem
Match all applicable letters with the appropriate term(s). Letters may be used more than
once, and a term may have more than one letter.
a. tissue that is part of the ground system
b. tissue that is part of the vascular system
c. tissue that is part of the dermal system
d. develops into the vascular cambium
e. leaf’s photosynthetic tissues (palisade and spongy) are in this category
f. transports photosynthetic products away from leaves and stem
g. meristematic tissue
h. develops into secondary xylem and phloem
i. transports water and dissolved nutrients up to the stem and leaves
j. replaces the epidermis in plants that undergo secondary growth
k. a single layer of cells that helps control the movement of water and dissolved salts
into the xylem pipeline
l. influence the movement of carbon dioxide into the leaf and movement of water out of
the leaf
m. generally, dead cells that provide support and strength to all three tissue systems
n. ground tissue centrally located within a ring of vascular bundles
Which of the following gene mutations is least likely to impact the protein?
a. A conservative substitution.
b. A non-conservative substitution.
c. An amino acid deletion.
d. An amino acid insertion.
e. All would be the same.
coral reef
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. a reduction in suitable places to live
b. organisms that give an “early warning” signal of changes in biodiversity
c. new method of harvesting trees to preserve diversity
d. a field of research whose goal is conservation of biodiversity
e. species vulnerable to extinction
f. broad land or ocean region defined by climate, geography, and producers
g. ocean structure of amazing biological complexity
h. locations where species are in greatest danger of extinction
i. a national park is an example
j. narrow corridor of vegetation along a stream or river
k. isolated patches of habitat;
Polyploidy
a. can occur naturally.
b. occurs when there are more than two sets of chromosomes.
c. can be artificially induced by colchicine.
d. is responsible for some of our major foods.
e. is all of these.
Which of the following is not a problem caused by Canada geese?
a. Their feces can cloud lakes.
b. Their feces contain harmful bacteria.
c. They can destroy lawns.
d. They can be dangerous to air traffic.
e. All of these.
The tradewinds in the zone from 0 to 30 degrees north latitude are generally from the
a. north.
b. northwest.
c. northeast.
d. southeast.
e. southwest.
Toxic elements such as mercury are found in the human body because
a. of contamination from the environment.
b. trace amounts of these elements have vital biological functions.
c. they are needed to kill bacteria.
d. they may be ingested with food but inactivated by cells.
e. in small amounts they are biologically inactive and tolerated by cells.
Mycorrhizae
a. benefit plant growth.
b. are an example of mutualism.
c. receives sugars from its plant partner.
d. increase the surface area for absorption.
e. are described by all of these.