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Response
Even though there may be more than one correct letter response to some numbered
items, discriminate and "juggle" so that you have the one BEST response for each.
a. cells that nurture and support neurons
b. a hyperpolarizing event
c. a neuron cannot propagate an action potential at this time
d. Acetylcholine or GABA
e. interneuron in brain or spinal cord
f. establishes basis of resting membrane potential
g. sheathed muscle cells that contain receptors
h. input
i. integrator cell between sensory and motor
j. modified dendrite of a sensory neuron
k. a depolarizing event
l. output
m. muscle or gland
n. produced by a Schwann cell
o. cluster of cell bodies outside the CNS
Respond to the following statements in reference to the four regions of a nephron listed
below.
a. Bowman's capsule
b. proximal tubule
c. descending portion of loop of Henle
d. distal tubule
Permeability to water is regulated by antidiuretic hormone in this structure.
By the eighth week in humans
a. the embryo looks distinctly human.
b. the neural tube is complete.
c. upper and lower limbs have formed, and individual fingers and toes have separated
from each other.
d. male or female reproductive structures are forming.
e. all of these are true.
A pellicle is NOT
a. thin.
b. inside the plasma membrane.
c. made of elastic proteins.
d. intended to protect the cell.
e. involved in retaining the shape of the cell..
Use the five processes listed below for the following questions.
a. glycolysis
b. aerobic respiration
c. anaerobic electron transfer
d. alcoholic fermentation
e. lactate fermentation
This process yields the most energy.
The master gene Hox helps to sculpt the body plan of embryos by
a. inhibiting the Dlx gene to prevent extra limbs.
b. timing the activation of Dlx genes.
c. causing cell death in any cell not expressing the Hox gene.
d. converting sugar into energy to allow the process to go to completion.
e. inducing mutations in plants.
camouflage
Choose the most appropriate answer for each.
a. blending in and being hidden by the background
b. where an organism is generally located in a community
c. one organism benefits at another organism's expense
d. traditionally a self-sustaining array of interacting organisms that is best suited for a
particular environment
e. lichens on newly hardened, newly cooled lava
f. robins and human populations
g. the yucca moth and the yucca
h. one species is eliminated from an area of niche overlap
i. tasty species resembles repugnant one
j. the process that leads from a pioneer community to a mature community
k. natural reforestation of burned-over forest
A radical mastectomy involves the removal of
a. any breast tumor.
b. a benign breast tumor.
c. a malignant breast tumor.
d. a breast, all lymph nodes under the arm, and skeletal muscles in the chest wall under
the breast.
e. both breasts.
Which of the following is FALSE about Marfan syndrome?
a. It results from an autosomal dominant mutation.
b. The affected gene produces a defective form of the protein fibrillin.
c. Connective tissues are weakened.
d. It affects one in ten thousand men and women.
e. None of these is false.
Which of the following is an example of an interacting effect causing a decline in a
species?
a. habitat loss of the polar bear
b. dodo birds being hunted by sailors
c. pollution buildup in the eggs of eagles
d. decline in buffalo causing a drop in native clover
e. all of these
Gene therapy
a. has not yet been used successfully with mammals.
b. is a surgical technique that replaces defective genes with normal genes.
c. has been used successfully to treat victims of autosomal dominant disorders by
replacing the dominant allele with a recessive allele.
d. is a genetic engineering technique that replaces defective alleles with normal ones.
e. is none of these.
The animal in the above diagram has a ____ circulatory system.
a. closed
b. open
c. semi-closed
d. vascular
e. none of these
Respond to the following statements with reference to the five biomes listed below.
a. tundra
b. grassland
c. desert
d. taiga
e. savanna
A community composed of herbaceous plants, no trees, a very short growing season,
and relatively few animal species is likely to be this biome.
Neuron
Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a. ligaments and tendons are made of this
b. contains collagen and elastin; acts as a packing material that supports internal organs
c. receives, conducts, and initiates signals in response to environmental changes
d. stores fat
e. offers resistance to mechanical injury and loss of internal fluids; also a barrier against
microorganisms
f. secretes extracellular products such as sweat, mucus, tears, and saliva
g. fluid ground substance plus free cells; involved in transport, pH, and temperature
stability
h. extracellular fluid that bathes cells and tissues
Which of the following is TRUE at the end of telophase I in corn (20 chromosomes)?
a. Each cell has 10 chromosomes.
b. Each chromosome is double-stranded.
c. Centromeres connect sister chromatids.
d. Each cell has 10 chromosomes, and each chromosome is double-stranded.
e. Each cell has 10 chromosomes, each chromosome is double-stranded, and
centromeres connect sister chromatids.
kidneys
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits
calcium release from bone storage sites
b. secrete insulin and glucagon
c. secretes hormones that prepare accessory reproductive structures for reproduction
d. involved in lymphocyte maturation
e. secretes tropic hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin
f. secretes mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
g. in many vertebrates, helps to determine the amount and distribution of dark pigments
in the skin
h. secrete enzymes that help to form angiotensin
i. participates in reproductive physiology and responds to photoperiod change
j. releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone into bloodstream
k. secretes a hormone that promotes calcium release from bone storage sites
l. produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
m. secretes cholecystokinin, secretin, and gastrin
n. secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
o. secrete pheromones, milk, tears, sweat, and mucus
Respond to the following statements with reference to the five biomes listed below.
a. tundra
b. grassland
c. desert
d. taiga
e. savanna
A plant community composed primarily of shrubby trees widely spaced and surrounded
by grasses is this biome.
The structure designated by the letter "A" in the above figure is called
a. pyloric sphincter.
b. esophagus.
c. mucosa.
d. duodenum.
e. none of these.
Lipids can serve in all EXCEPT which of the following capacities?
a. enzymes
b. energy
c. membrane structure
d. insulation
e. source of glycerol
endangered species
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. a reduction in suitable places to live
b. organisms that give an "early warning" signal of changes in biodiversity
c. new method of harvesting trees to preserve diversity
d. a field of research whose goal is conservation of biodiversity
e. species vulnerable to extinction
f. broad land or ocean region defined by climate, geography, and producers
g. ocean structure of amazing biological complexity
h. locations where species are in greatest danger of extinction
i. a national park is an example
j. narrow corridor of vegetation along a stream or river
k. isolated patches of habitat;
Which of the following prokaryotic nutritional groups use organic substances for
carbon and photons for energy?
a. photoautotrophs
b. chemoautotrophs
c. photoheterotrophs
d. chemoheterotrophs
e. none of these
The following questions refer to the figure above illustrating frog development.
Apoptosis is occurring at
a. A.
b. B.
c. C.
d. D.
e. E.
Buds are produced
a. in the axils of leaves.
b. at the very ends of stems.
c. at the nodes.
d. by the apical meristem.
e. at all of these areas.
Gram-positive bacteria have ____ and appear ____ under the microscope.
a. thick walls; pink
b. thick walls; purple
c. thin walls; pink
d. thin walls; purple
e. none of these
Which of the following statements is true?
a. There is no danger involved in recombinant DNA research in humans.
b. There is no danger involved in recombinant DNA research in bacteria.
c. There is no danger in releasing recombinant organisms into the environment.
d. Stringent safety rules make the use of recombinant DNA research possible.
e. None of these statements is true.
The following are chemical functional groups that may be part of a biologically active
molecule. Answer the questions by matching the items with the most appropriate group.
a. -COOH
b. -CH3
c. -NH2
d. -OH
e.
f. -PO4
3-
g. -CHO
The group that occurs repeatedly in sugars
Each DNA strand has a backbone that consists of alternating
a. covalent and ionic bonds.
b. nitrogen-containing bases.
c. hydrogen bonds.
d. sugar and phosphate molecules.
e. covalent and hydrogen bonds.
Bones that amplify sound reaching the eardrum are indicated by
a. A and B.
b. A, B, and C.
c. B and C.
d. C and D.
e. none of these.
Most kidney problems in the United States result from
a. viral infections.
b. diabetes mellitus or high blood pressure.
c. arsenic or lead poisoning.
d. chronic overdoses of aspirin.
e. accidental inhalation of pesticides.
Choose the one most appropriate description.
a. uses ribulose bisphosphate; produces PGA
b. uses ATP and NADPH
c. uses two PGAL
d. produces ATP and NADPH
e. uses an electron transfer chain to produce ATP
The PGA to PGAL conversion
To answer the following questions refer to the four items listed below.
a. cDNA
b. restriction enzyme
c. reverse transcriptase
d. gene library
This is a nuclease whose only function is to cut apart foreign DNA entering a cell.
p + q
Choose the most appropriate letter for each.
a. a reference point that implies stability of gene frequencies through generations
b. encompasses all of those actually or potentially interbreeding populations that are
reproductively isolated from other such groups
c. the genes of an entire population
d. the frequency of homozygous dominants in a population
e. the frequencies of dominant and recessive alleles in a population
f. the frequency of heterozygotes in a population
g. the frequency of homozygous recessives in a population
h. heterozygote advantage in regions where malaria is found
i. pesticide-resistant pests
Plants are considered to be:
a. heterotrophs.
b. chemotrophs.
c. carbotrophs.
d. autotrophs.
e. a combination of all of these.
The following questions refer to the figure above illustrating the results from
Engelmann's investigation.
Engelmann's experiment was designed to determine
a. what wavelengths comprise visible light.
b. what colors are contained in visible light.
c. if bacteria are attracted to oxygen.
d. if photosynthesis releases oxygen.
e. none of these.
