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bolus
Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a. a process that mixes the contents of the lumen and forces it against the absorptive
surface of the gut
b. stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion
c. thin, outermost layer of stomach
d. a softened ball of food particles
e. emulsify fat globules
f. have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g. innermost layer of the gut; contains diverse secretory cells
h. gastric inhibitory peptide
i. stimulates gallbladder and stomach emptying as well as pancreatic enzyme secretions
j. a mixture of food particles in the stomach
Red tides and extensive fish kills are caused by population blooms of
a. Euglena.
b. specific dinoflagellates.
c. diatoms.
d. Plasmodium.
e. fish.
Fungi are genetically most closely related to
a. ferns.
b. flowering plants.
c. algae.
d. animals.
e. none of these.
Pollen grain
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. male spores of anthers
b. site where pollen tube usually penetrates the ovule
c. develops into a fruit at maturity
d. a 2n cell that will help form nutrients for the developing plant embryo
e. cluster of matured ovaries attached to a common receptacle
f. modified leaf with pigments and fragrance-producing cells
g. immature male gametophyte
h. female reproductive organ
i. landing platform for pollen
j. pollen-bearing structure
k. female spores of ovule
l. outermost whorl of leaf parts on a receptacle; generally green, but sometimes
pigmented
m. female gametophyte
n. matured ovaries of several flowers fused together into a single mass (for example,
pineapple, fig)
o. forms a seed at maturity
Which of the following is true of the structure labeled "A"?
a. It is composed of tubulin subunits.
b. It is composed of actin subunits.
c. It is a microfilament.
d. It is an intermediate filament.
e. It is a major component of muscle cells.
Answer the following questions in reference to the five eye structures listed below.
a. cornea
b. lens
c. retina
d. ommatidium
e. vitreous body
This structure acts to maintain the shape of the eye and to transmit light to other
structures.
Answer the following questions using the five groups listed below:
a. halophiles
b. cyanobacteria
c. thermophiles
d. proteobacteria
e. methanogens
These produce CH4.
Use the figure above illustrating honeybee dances to answer the following questions.
A dance that recruits other bees into foraging more than 100 meters distant from the
hive is indicated by
a. A.
b. B.
c. C.
d. D.
e. All of these except A.
FSH
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. acts to trigger ovulation in females
b. structures that secrete mucus and nutrients absorbable by sperm; open into the
ejaculatory duct
c. forms as an outgrowth of the yolk sac; becomes part of umbilical cord and urinary
bladder
d. a drug that causes severely deformed arms and legs in developing embryos
e. two of these connect seminiferous tubules with vasa deferentia
f. opening between uterus and vagina
g. organ that supplies the embryo/fetus with nutrients and removes wastes
h. connects epididymis with ejaculatory duct
i. hormones that stimulate uterine contractions in the female
j. cap over the head of a sperm; contains lytic enzymes to penetrate egg membranes
k. inner cell mass plus trophoblast; attaches to uterine wall
l. testosterone produced here
m. sensitive to sexual stimulation; develops from same embryonic tissues as does the
penis in males
n. the uterine lining
o. acts on gonad to help mature gametes; released from anterior lobe of pituitary
Ganglion
Even though there may be more than one correct letter response to some numbered
items, discriminate and "juggle" so that you have the one BEST response for each.
a. cells that nurture and support neurons
b. a hyperpolarizing event
c. a neuron cannot propagate an action potential at this time
d. Acetylcholine or GABA
e. interneuron in brain or spinal cord
f. establishes basis of resting membrane potential
g. sheathed muscle cells that contain receptors
h. input
i. integrator cell between sensory and motor
j. modified dendrite of a sensory neuron
k. a depolarizing event
l. output
m. muscle or gland
n. produced by a Schwann cell
o. cluster of cell bodies outside the CNS
The pigment responsible for photoperiodism is
a. chlorophyll.
b. xanthophyll.
c. anthocyanin.
d. phytochrome.
e. phytoerythrin.
miscarriage
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. the production and secretion of milk
b. sloughing off of endometrium stops permanently
c. induced dislodging and removal of an embryo or fetus from the uterus
d. an abortion that occurs spontaneously
e. the burrowing of the blastocyst into the uterine lining
f. the release of an egg from the ovary
g. the release of seminal fluid from the male reproductive tract
h. a 100-percent-effective method of preventing conception
i. a highly unreliable form of birth control
j. the periodic elimination of the uterine lining
k. characterized by involuntary muscle contractions, release of tension, and warmth
l. sexual intercourse
m. sperm and egg cannot meet because a section of oviduct is missing
n. cutting and tying of vasa deferentia
The release of cyclic AMP as a second messenger is a response to ____ hormones.
a. peptide
b. steroid
c. protein
d. peptide and protein
e. peptide, steroid, and protein
Which of the following is(are) characteristic of some amphibians?
a. gills
b. exchange of some gases occurs across their skin.
c. lungs for oxygen uptake
d. skin for carbon dioxide removal
e. all of these
Choose the proper item below for the following statements.
a. operon
b. operator
c. promoter
d. lactose
e. regulator gene
This item contains regulator, promoter, and operator regions.
All EXCEPT which one of the following are the reasons for the rapid population
explosion of humans?
a. increases in carrying capacity
b. expansion into new habitats
c. removal of limiting factors
d. reproduction occurring earlier in the life cycle
e. none of these
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. gives rise to periderm
b. nucleate phloem cells that help load and unload the phloem
c. dead cells with perforation plates; more efficient at water conduction than other
xylem cells
d. living nonnucleated cells that conduct food from photosynthetic source area to
storage sink area
e. a cylinder of parenchyma cells outside the vascular tissue but inside the endodermis
f. clusters of strands containing xylem, phloem, and vascular cambium
g. dead cells without perforation plates; the principal xylem cells of nonflowering
vascular plants
h. cells with thick secondary walls impregnated with lignin that are especially abundant
in some fruits and seeds
i. the principal photosynthetic region of a leaf
j. regions that can undergo mitosis
k. gas exchange and storage plus photosynthesis
Cork cambium
Use the figure above showing spermatogenesis to answer the following questions.
Diploid stage(s) is(are) indicated by
a. A.
b. B.
c. C.
d. D.
e. B, C, and D.
The organ responsible for excretion of both urine and feces indicated by the letter"F" is
called the
a. mouth.
b. crop.
c. gizzard.
d. secreting portion of stomach.
e. cloaca.
Which of the following structures is NOT found in mature sperm?
a. nucleus
b. acrosome with enzymes
c. mitochondria
d. microtubules in the tail
e. ribosomes
Curtis's contention that if the last blue whale were to choke on the last panda bear and it
still would not be the end of the world was his way of
a. stressing the improper attitude of some environmental activists and to encourage the
drilling for oil in Alaska.
b. stressing the importance of some bacteria to the biosphere.
c. encouraging the study of endangered species.
d. shocking an audience into the study of conservation biology.
e. doing none of these.
Which of the following is NOT a chelicerate?
a. tick
b. mosquito
c. spider
d. horseshoe crab
e. scorpion
The hole in the ozone layer is most dramatic over:
a. Antarctica.
b. North America.
c. Asia
d. Europe.
e. Africa.
Primates
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. a group that includes apes and humans
b. a population of Homo spp. that lived from at least 100,000 to as recently as 30,000
years ago; tool users and artisans
c. the order that includes animals with freely swiveling limbs, mobile grasping digits,
upright body posture, good depth perception, and exquisite neural control
d. organisms in a group that includes New World and Old World monkeys, apes, and
humans
e. an era that began 65 to 63 million years ago; characterized by the evolution of birds,
mammals, and flowering plants
f. an epoch of the Cenozoic lasting from 23.8 million to 5.3 million years ago;
characterized by the appearance of primitive apes
g. an epoch of the Cenozoic lasting from 5.3 million to 1.8 million years ago;
characterized by the appearance of distinctly modern plants and animals
h. bipedal organisms from about 3.2 to 2.3 million years ago, with essentially human
bodies and ape-shaped heads; "Southern Apes"
i. a group including humans and human-like species
Respond to the following statements with reference to the five terms below.
a. somites
b. blastomeres
c. ectoderm
d. mesoderm
e. endoderm
This starts the gut's inner lining.
The mosaic effect of X inactivation in human females can be observed in
a. skin color.
b. hair color.
c. fingernails.
d. distribution of sweat glands.
e. all of these.
Which is NOT a shared characteristic of parabasalids and diplomonads?
a. heterotrophy
b. flagella
c. oxygen-poor or anaerobic habitats
d. abundant mitochondria
e. presence of a pellicle
Sperm are produced in the
a. testes.
b. vas deferens.
c. epididymis.
d. prostate gland.
e. penis.
Sexual reproduction
a. leads to uniform characteristics within a population.
b. results in new combinations of genetic traits.
c. creates genetic clones.
d. requires less tissue differentiation than asexual reproduction.
e. produces genetic clones and requires less tissue differentiation than asexual
reproduction.
Which of the following is(are) true regarding whale sensory systems?
a. Like fishes, they use lateral line systems for navigation.
b. Their jaws pick up sound vibrations in the water and transmit them to their middle
ears.
c. They collect sound waves using external ears.
d. All whales have auditory canals leading to their middle ears.
e. All of these are true.
Target cells
a. are found only in specific endocrine glands.
b. are equipped with specific receptor molecules.
c. are never muscle cells.
d. may occur in any part of the body.
e. are equipped with specific receptor molecules and may occur in any part of the body.
The hierarchical system of nomenclature
a. allows diversity to be catalogued.
b. organizes knowledge about species relationships.
c. permits organisms to be identified.
d. sorts organisms into groups.
e. includes all of these.
