The plant hormone that promotes fruit ripening is
a. auxin.
b. gibberellin.
c. cytokinin.
d. abscisic acid.
e. ethylene.
The first eukaryotic fossils are dated to about
a. 3.8 billion years ago.
b. 2.1 billion years ago.
c. 1.5 billion years ago.
d. 750 million years ago.
e. 201 million years ago.
The utricle and saccule are functional parts of the
a. eye.
b. Pacinian corpuscle.
c. vestibular apparatus.
d. nasal epithelium.
e. vomeronasal organ.
Researchers can deliver genes into plants by using
a. the bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
b. microscopic particles coated with DNA.
c. electric shocks.
d. chemicals.
e. all of these.
If a person is choking, the __________ maneuver can be used to expel food from their
trachea.
Respond to the following statements in reference to the five kinds of species
interactions listed below.
a. competition
b. parasitoidism
c. mutualism
d. commensalism
e. parasitism
The relationship between a dog and a wood tick is this.
The grinding organ indicated by the letter “E” is called the
a. mouth.
b. crop.
c. gizzard.
d. secreting portion of stomach.
e. cloaca.
An artery is indicated by
a. A.
b. B.
c. C.
d. D.
e. E.
Oncogene
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. a condensed X chromosome
b. protein that combines with DNA all along its length
c. attaches or detaches from operator to regulate transcription
d. portion of the operon that binds RNA polymerase
e. gene capable of inducing cancerous transformations
f. genes controlling the development of the body plan
g. the mutated form is associated with breast cancer
h. binding sites on DNA where certain regulatory proteins increase transcription rates
lek
Choose the one most appropriate response for each. Some letters may not be used.
a. studied nest decorating behavior in birds
b. imprinting in goslings
c. capacity of an animal to complete complex, stereotyped responses to first-time
encounters with key stimuli
d. problem solving without trial-and-error
e. behavior is modified by experience
f. voluntary behavior is modified in response to consequences of that behavior
g. communal display ground
h. occurs during a sensitive period in which a following response or social attachment
becomes fixed on a particular moving object
i. self-sacrificing behavior
Neanderthals
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. lived from approximately 200,000 to 30,000 years ago; stocky body adapted to colder
climates
b. lived about 1.9 million years ago until 53,000 years ago; cranial capacity
approximately 1,000 cubic centimeters; bipedal
c. lived about 30 million years ago near Fayum
d. modern humans since 195,000 years ago
e. Lucy; lived about 3.2 million years ago
Respond to the following statements with reference to the five types of white cells
listed below.
a. macrophages
b. helper T cells
c. B cells
d. cytotoxic T cells
e. natural killer cells
These cells scavenge dead cells and attack bacteria directly.
Respond to the following statements in reference to the four structures of the heart
listed below.
a. right atrium
b. left atrium
c. left ventricle
d. right ventricle
Blood from the superior and inferior vena cava enters the heart via this structure.
Select the best process listed below for each of the following statements. Note that you
need to know that the sequence of amino acids directly reflects the sequence of genes
that coded for their placement.
a. an inversion
b. a deletion
c. a gene duplication
d. a translocation
e. an addition
A small region of a protein from three species is sequenced and found to be as follows:
species X is alanine, glycine, glycine, threonine, alanine
species Y is alanine, glycine, threonine, alanine
species Z is alanine, valine, glycine, threonine, alanine
The difference in the amino acid sequence of species Y is most likely due to this.
A network of interactions that involves the cycling of materials and the flow of energy
among organisms and their physical environment is
a. a population.
b. a community.
c. an ecosystem.
d. the biosphere.
e. the habitat.
In this depiction of transcription, the ____ strand is ____ because it ____.
a. upper; RNA; is single-stranded.
b. lower; RNA; contains uracil.
c. lower; RNA; contains thymine.
d. upper; RNA; has no uracil (U).
e. lower; DNA; contains adenine (A).
pharynx
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. flexible windpipe reinforced with cartilage
b. surrounds each lung
c. oxygen-rich form of a respiratory protein
d. contains two true vocal cords
e. alter chest cavity volume
f. part of the brainstem; controls breathing
g. throat passage behind the mouth
h. inhalation and exhalation
i. connect trachea to lungs
j. flaplike structure that points upward allowing air to enter trachea, but blocks the
larynx during swallowing
k. contraction increases thoracic volume
l. microscopically small pockets lined with moist epithelium
Use the figure above to answer the following questions. The graphs illustrate diversity
patterns for ants (A) and breeding birds (B).
Which graph shows that species diversity is much less at the equator than at 60 degrees
north latitude?
a. A
b. B
c. both
d. neither
e. not enough data is provided to answer the question
The control in an experiment
a. makes the experiment valid.
b. is an additional replicate for statistical purposes.
c. reduces the experimental errors.
d. minimizes experimental inaccuracy.
e. allows for comparison to the experimental group.
commensalism
Choose the most appropriate answer for each.
a. blending in and being hidden by the background
b. where an organism is generally located in a community
c. one organism benefits at another organism’s expense
d. traditionally a self-sustaining array of interacting organisms that is best suited for a
particular environment
e. lichens on newly hardened, newly cooled lava
f. robins and human populations
g. the yucca moth and the yucca
h. one species is eliminated from an area of niche overlap
i. tasty species resembles repugnant one
j. the process that leads from a pioneer community to a mature community
k. natural reforestation of burned-over forest
The by-product of the metabolism of cyanobacteria that had the most effect on the
further evolution of life is
a. oxygen gas.
b. carbon dioxide.
c. water.
d. nitrogen gas.
e. hydrogen gas.
The most dangerous type of arrhythmia is
a. tachycardia.
b. ventricular fibrillation.
c. brachycardia.
d. atrial fibrillation.
e. an electrocardiogram.
Respond to the following statements with reference to the five types of white cells
listed below.
a. macrophages
b. helper T cells
c. B cells
d. cytotoxic T cells
e. natural killer cells
These cells destroy cells infected by viruses.
Transcript processing
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. influences the amount and kinds of mRNA assembled from structural genes
b. snipping out of transcript regions; chemical modification of transcript before it
arrives at ribosome control
c. nuclear envelope selectively regulates passage of transcripts
d. phosphorylation of translated protein
e. for example, the interior environmental pH determines whether a protein can act as a
cell catalyst
The disease in the above photograph is caused by
a. syphilis.
b. gonorrhea.
c. chlamydia.
d. all of these.
e. none of these.
According to Mendel, what kinds of genes “disappear” inF1 pea plants?
a. sex-linked
b. dominant
c. recessive
d. codominant
e. lethal
gray crescent
Choose the one best answer for each numbered item.
a. visible marker of the site where an amphibian’s body axis will be established and
where gastrulation will begin
b. the formation of two or three embryonic tissue layers
c. the fusion of male and female nuclei
d. the entire body divides transversely; each half grows and regenerates the missing part
e. selective gene expression results in different cell types
f. subdividing of the zygote by mitosis; no growth occurs
g. region of zygote that has less yolk and is pigmented
h. an embryonic stage of development that has three primary tissue layers before
organogenesis begins
i. the formation of organs
j. one body part develops in response to signals from an adjacent part
k. the growth, shaping, and spatial coordination of tissues and organs so that a
predefined pattern of the whole organism results
l. occurs in the formation of the human hand
Epidermis
Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a. ligaments and tendons are made of this
b. contains collagen and elastin; acts as a packing material that supports internal organs
c. receives, conducts, and initiates signals in response to environmental changes
d. stores fat
e. offers resistance to mechanical injury and loss of internal fluids; also a barrier against
microorganisms
f. secretes extracellular products such as sweat, mucus, tears, and saliva
g. fluid ground substance plus free cells; involved in transport, pH, and temperature
stability
h. extracellular fluid that bathes cells and tissues
Members of what group are multicellular producers?
a. Animalia
b. Protista
c. Fungi
d. Plantae
e. none of these are multicellular producers
Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
Gene transcription is induced by
a. A.
b. B.
c. C.
d. D.
e. none of these.
A mammalian female’s
a. cells usually have multiple Barr bodies.
b. body is a mosaic for the X-linked traits she inherits.
c. Barr bodies are active in some cells.
d. Barr bodies are produced after puberty.
e. X-linked recessive genes are always expressed because of the deactivation of an X
chromosome in each cell.