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Sequencing of HIV-1 revealed that it is most closely related to which of the following?
a. simian immunodeficiency virus
b. feline immunodeficiency virus
c. bovine immunodeficiency virus
d. hepatitis B
e. all of these
Which of the following statements is true of the proteobacteria?
a. They are the most diverse group of bacteria.
b. Some are photoautotrophs.
c. Some are chemoautotrophs.
d. Some are chemoheterotrophs.
e. All of these are true.
Answer the following questions in reference to the four "habitat" items listed below.
a. habitat fragmentation
b. habitat island
c. habitat loss
d. habitat
This is an inhabited area surrounded by unsuitable habitat.
An excess of estrogen like molecules can have which of the following effects on males?
a. lower sperm production
b. increase hair growth
c. tumor growth on the surface of the testes
d. increased reproduction
e. all of these
Messenger RNA
Choose the best matching element.
a. deciphered the mRNA code words
b. RNA-directed synthesis of polypeptide chains
c. sites at which RNA polymerases can bind and initiate transcription
d. binds to small subunit platform of a ribosome
e. guided and catalyzed by RNA polymerases
f. polypeptide chain elongation proceeds independently at each body in this cluster
g. discovered transposons
h. a tRNA triplet opposite a codon
i. a set of three nucleotides
Which antibody is most commonly associated with an allergic reaction?
a. IgG
b. IgA
c. IgD
d. IgM
e. IgE
Which of the following is(are) characteristic of acute inflammation?
a. warmth
b. swelling
c. redness
d. pain
e. all of these
The following are chemical functional groups that may be part of a biologically active
molecule. Answer the questions by matching the items with the most appropriate group.
a. -COOH
b. -CH3
c. -NH2
d. -OH
e.
f. -PO4
3-
g. -CHO
The methyl group
The study of the distribution of animals and plants around the world is
a. diversity.
b. biogeography.
c. ecology.
d. natural history.
e. environmentalism.
The following are chemical functional groups that may be part of a biologically active
molecule. Answer the questions by matching the items with the most appropriate group.
a. -COOH
b. -CH3
c. -NH2
d. -OH
e.
f. -PO4
3-
g. -CHO
The amine group
Which statement is NOT true?
a. Membranes are often perforated by proteins that extend through both sides of the
membrane.
b. Some membranes have proteins with channels that allow for the passage of
hydrophilic substances.
c. Hydrophilic substances have an easier time passing through the lipid bilayer than do
hydrophobic substances.
d. The current concept of a membrane is best summarized by the fluid mosaic model.
e. All of these statements are NOT true.
Which of the following is(are) a group of individuals of the same species that occupies
a specified area?
a. individuals
b. species
c. population
d. polyploids
e. all of these
Which of the following traits does the fossil above share with modern birds?
a. long, clawed fingers on each forelimb
b. it had teeth
c. it had feathers
d. it had a long bony tail
e. all of these
The above figure represents a plant structural feature with which of the following
functions?
a. reproduction
b. gas exchange
c. water conservation
d. water transport
e. both gas exchange and water conservation
High stomach acidity
a. creates ideal conditions for carbohydrate digestion.
b. promotes emulsification of fats.
c. favors protein digestion.
d. blocks the release of histamine, thereby favoring production of peptic ulcers.
e. converts lipases into their active forms.
The following questions refer to the figure above illustrating soil horizons. NOTE: The
labels are not the actual names of the soil horizons.
Which soil horizon has no organic matter or weathered rock?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
Which is NOT one of the four extraembryonic membranes of the amniote egg?
a. albumin
b. amnion
c. chorion
d. allantois
e. yolk sac
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. gives rise to periderm
b. nucleate phloem cells that help load and unload the phloem
c. dead cells with perforation plates; more efficient at water conduction than other
xylem cells
d. living nonnucleated cells that conduct food from photosynthetic source area to
storage sink area
e. a cylinder of parenchyma cells outside the vascular tissue but inside the endodermis
f. clusters of strands containing xylem, phloem, and vascular cambium
g. dead cells without perforation plates; the principal xylem cells of nonflowering
vascular plants
h. cells with thick secondary walls impregnated with lignin that are especially abundant
in some fruits and seeds
i. the principal photosynthetic region of a leaf
j. regions that can undergo mitosis
k. gas exchange and storage plus photosynthesis
Palisade mesophyll
The following are basic building blocks of biopolymers. Match the building blocks with
the statements below.
a. amino acid
b. glucose
c. glycerol
d. fatty acid
e. nucleotide
The basic unit of cellulose
In reabsorption
a. plasma proteins are returned to the blood.
b. excess hydrogen ions are removed from the blood.
c. excess water is passed on to the urine.
d. nutrients and ions are selectively returned to the blood.
e. drugs and foreign substances are passed into the urine.
Select the best choice for the following statements in reference to the four hominids
listed below.
a. Homo habilis
b. Homo erectus
c. Homo sapiens
d. Homo neanderthalensis
This species was the first known to use fire.
Which of the following cell organelles is responsible for the breakdown of fatty acids?
a. Golgi bodies
b. ribosomes
c. mitochondria
d. lysosomes
e. peroxisomes
Respond to the following statements in reference to the four source tissues of plant
roots listed below.
a. primary meristem
b. ground meristem
c. pericycle
d. vascular cambium
This tissue gives rise to lateral roots.
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
a. All isotopes of an element have the same number of electrons.
b. All isotopes of an element have the same number of protons.
c. All isotopes of an element have the same number of neutrons.
d. We refer to isotopes by mass number.
e. 12C and 13C are isotopes.
To answer the following questions refer to the five items listed below:
a. restriction enzymes
b. recombinants
c. plasmids
d. clones
e. restriction sites
These are bacterial populations containing thousands or millions of identical copies of
one to several genes.
The figure illustrates a portion of the life cycle of a(n)
a. zygomycete.
b. ascomycete.
c. basidiomycete.
d. glomeromycete.
e. lichen.
Bacteria use restriction enzymes to
a. integrate viral DNA.
b. destroy viral DNA.
c. prevent mutation of their DNA.
d. copy their genes.
e. inhibit the expression of some of their genes.
Respond to the following statements in reference to the five hormones listed below.
a. estrogen
b. luteinizing hormone
c. somatotropin
d. oxytocin
e. antidiuretic hormone
This hormone controls water retention and loss.
Paired lungs are characteristic of
a. some fishes.
b. all amphibians.
c. all birds.
d. all mammals.
e. all of these.
Which of the following is NOT involved in self versus nonself recognition?
a. complement
b. MHC markers
c. TCRs
d. plasma membranes
e. all of these are involved.
Short-day plant
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Some letters may not be used.
a. flower each successive year or after several years of vegetative growth
b. promotes cell elongation in stems
c. has receptor sites for a particular hormonal message
d. a hollow, cylindrical organ that protects young leaves growing within it
e. blue-green pigment that absorbs light energy
f. low-temperature stimulation of flowering
g. stimulates stomata closure and might be involved in root geotropism
h. stimulates fruit ripening
i. reproduces in spring
j. produces only roots, stems, and leaves the first growing season and produces flowers
the second year
k. occurring on a 24-hour cycle
l. flowers in autumn
m. a nonhormonal plant growth regulator
n. lives for only one growing season
o. promotes stem elongation in plants
p. pigment involved in flowering process
Major gene reshuffling takes place during
a. telophase I.
b. metaphase I.
c. anaphase I.
d. metaphase II.
e. anaphase II.
Restriction enzymes cut double-stranded DNA at a specific base sequence
a. between genes.
b. and produce fragments of four to eight base pairs in length.
c. between bacterial and viral DNAs.
d. between purines and pyrimidines.
e. between promoter and operator DNA sequences.
Sperm nuclei are indicated by
a. A.
b. B.
c. C.
d. D.
e. E.
Why might tardigrades make good organisms for space flight?
__________ occurs in different patterns depending on the species and selection
pressures.
__________ is a response to changes in length of night relative to length of day.
When blood glucose is low, alpha cells secrete __________, which calls for glycogen
breakdown and glucose release by the liver.
Many species of flowering plants reproduce asexually by __________.
Radially symmetrical animals have a nerve __________.
Labeling.
indicates a myosin filament.
The ability of a solution to resist changes in pH depends on its ______________.
DNA is replicated by a process called __________.
Which of the following nondisjunction disorders must be due to an event is sperm
development: XO, XXX, XXY or XYY?
Many amphibians now face extinction, and one cause is believed to be a __________
fungus.
lung
__________ are electrically excitable cells that signal other cells by means of chemical
messages.
The enzyme that works in conjunction with ATP to produce bioluminescence is called
__________.
__________ are jawless fishes with a backbone.
Labeling.
hypothalamus
vesicle
