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Respond to the following statements with reference to the organ systems listed below.
a. circulatory
b. lymphatic
c. digestive
d. endocrine
e. respiratory
Initially encounters airborne pathogens
Respond to the following statements with reference to the five components of the
gastrointestinal tract listed below.
a. stomach
b. gallbladder
c. small intestine
d. appendix
e. large intestine
Short tubular projection of the large intestine.
Insects have
a. simple eyes.
b. ocelli.
c. ciliary eyes.
d. compound eyes.
e. "camera" eyes.
Acetyl-CoA formation
Select the one most appropriate choice for each.
a. produces NADH and CO2; pyruvate oxidized
b. produces ATP, NADH, and CO2
c. splits glucose into two pyruvate molecules
d. regenerates NAD+ as pyruvate is converted to ethanol or lactate
e. uses a membrane-bound system that sets up production of ATP
Photoperiodism is the
a. duration of flowering in a plant.
b. amount of light needed by a plant to exhibit normal growth.
c. response of a plant to the duration of light and darkness.
d. light phase of photosynthesis during which photolysis of water occurs.
e. opposite of photorespiration.
Large gut populations of Bifidobacterium are associated with:
a. stomach cancer.
b. irritable bowel syndrome.
c. gastroesophageal reflux disease.
d. improved immune function.
e. increased vital capacity.
This illustration shows that after two half-lives, ____ percent of the parent radioisotope
has decayed.
a. 100
b. 75
c. 50
d. 25
e. 0
The distribution of individuals in a school of fish is likely to be
a. clumped.
b. random.
c. uniform.
d. constant.
e. homogeneous.
Of the following, which is the first explanation of a problem? (It is sometimes called an
"educated guess.")
a. principle
b. law
c. theory
d. fact
e. hypothesis
Which of the following is the binding site for RNA polymerase on the DNA molecule?
a. structural gene 1
b. repressor gene
c. promoter sequence
d. operator sequence
e. region between an operator and the first structural gene
The processes listed below represent major chemical pathways in photosynthesis.
Respond to the following statements with reference to these five processes.
a. light-dependent reactions
b. chemosynthetic reactions
c. carbon dioxide fixation
d. Calvin-Benson cycle
e. C4 pathway
This yields NADPH as well as ATP.
Lampreys
Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a. cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b. reptile with four-chambered heart
c. placental mammal
d. legless amphibian
e. invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f. endotherm with feathers
g. limbless reptile
h. most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i. modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j. marsupial
k. adult is called 'sea squirt"
l. egg-laying mammal
m. swim bladder for buoyancy
n. may be sexually mature in larval form
Respond to the following statements in reference to the four kinds of energy listed
below.
a. chemical
b. mechanical
c. thermal
d. light
Receptors on the tongue detect variation in this kind of energy.
Australopithecus
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. lived from approximately 200,000 to 30,000 years ago; stocky body adapted to colder
climates
b. lived about 1.9 million years ago until 53,000 years ago; cranial capacity
approximately 1,000 cubic centimeters; bipedal
c. lived about 30 million years ago near Fayum
d. modern humans since 195,000 years ago
e. Lucy; lived about 3.2 million years ago
Respond to the following statements in reference to the five plant tissues listed below.
a. protoderm
b. ground meristem
c. procambium
d. vascular cambium
e. cork cambium
This tissue gives rise to primary tissue forming xylem and phloem.
interleukins
Match each term with the most appropriate statement.
a. cells that do not divide, die in less than a week, and secrete antibodies
b. cells that directly destroy body cells already infected by viral or fungal parasites, as
well as mutant and cancerous cells
c. lymphocytes that are held in reserve, circulate in the bloodstream, and enable a rapid
response to subsequent encounters with the same invader
d. able to lyse cells by forming pore complexes
e. cells that are produced in the bone marrow, are never changed by the thymus, and
manufacture antibodies
f. able to destroy cells but not dependent on recognition of antigen-MHC complexes
g. a class of proteins that help cells of the immune system communicate
h. "big eaters" that alert other lymphocytes to the invasion of specific antigens
i. immature cells that may or may not be committed to develop into one of several
mature cell types
j. a group of cells that are all produced asexually from one original parent cell
k. surface patterns of nonself molecules or particles
l. proteins released by cytotoxic T cells to destroy target cell membranes
m. preparation injected into the body to elicit a primary immune response
n. one of this group has been identified as the causative agent of AIDS
Match the following descriptions to the most appropriate function, process, or trait
listed below.
a. inheritance
b. reproduction
c. photosynthesis
d. growth
e. homeostasis
process in which one generation replaces another
Joints are areas of connection between two
a. bendable regions of the skeleton.
b. bones.
c. glands.
d. cartilage regions.
e. of none of these.
Bile
a. has no effect on digestion.
b. helps in the digestion of fats.
c. helps in the digestion of carbohydrates.
d. helps in the digestion of proteins.
e. helps in the digestion of nucleic acids.
The above figure represents the research of which of the following researchers?
a. Delbrck
b. Avery and McCarty
c. Chagraff
d. Luria
e. Hershey and Chase
The cell in this illustration is in ____.
a. prophase I.
b. metaphase I.
c. anaphase I.
d. prophase II.
e. anaphase II.
One of the first successful applications of genetic engineering was the commercial
production of
a. clotting factor.
b. insulin.
c. hemoglobin.
d. collagen.
e. human growth factor.
The following questions refer to the figure above.
The figure illustrates a portion of the life cycle of a(n)
a. zygomycete.
b. ascomycete.
c. basidiomycete.
d. glomeromycete.
e. lichen.
Living organisms are members of all of the levels listed below; however, rocks are
components of
a. the community.
b. the population.
c. the ecosystem.
d. the biosphere.
e. both the ecosystem and the biosphere.
Typical fat molecules have ____ chain(s).
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5
Arrow "B" points to a structure that
a. is one of the four exclusive features of chordates.
b. extends anteriorly into the head region.
c. provides support for muscle contraction.
d. is replaced in most adult vertebrates by the vertebral column.
e. includes all of these.
Newly hatched goslings (baby geese) follow any large moving objects to which they are
exposed shortly after hatching. This behavior is an example of
a. homing.
b. imprinting.
c. piloting.
d. migration.
e. classical conditioning.
How long ago did the hominin evolutionary line diverge from that leading to the great
apes?
a. about 3 million years ago
b. between 10 million and 5 million years ago
c. during the Eocene epoch
d. less than 2 million years ago
e. about 1.5 million years ago
Pfr
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Some letters may not be used.
a. flower each successive year or after several years of vegetative growth
b. promotes cell elongation in stems
c. has receptor sites for a particular hormonal message
d. a hollow, cylindrical organ that protects young leaves growing within it
e. blue-green pigment that absorbs light energy
f. low-temperature stimulation of flowering
g. stimulates stomata closure and might be involved in root geotropism
h. stimulates fruit ripening
i. reproduces in spring
j. produces only roots, stems, and leaves the first growing season and produces flowers
the second year
k. occurring on a 24-hour cycle
l. flowers in autumn
m. a nonhormonal plant growth regulator
n. lives for only one growing season
o. promotes stem elongation in plants
p. pigment involved in flowering process
The following questions refer to the figure above and to the
Fred Griffith experiments involving Streptococcus
pneumoniae.
If the syringe contains live R strain Streptococcus
pneumoniae
a. the mouse will die.
b. live S strain will be detected in the mouse's blood.
c. the mouse will live.
d. no live R strain will be detected in the mouse's blood.
e. the live R strain bacteria will develop pathogenicity.
Which of the following is NOT a major feature of arthropods?
a. jointed appendages
b. exoskeleton
c. paired segmental nephridia
d. specialized and fused-together segments
e. specialized sensory structures
Are flowering plants haploid-dominant or diploid-dominant?
An __________ consists of hardened parts at the body surface.
In humans, normal skin pigmentation is influenced by a dominant gene (C), which
allows pigmentation to develop. All individuals who are homozygous for the recessive
allele (c) are unable to produce an enzyme needed for melanin formation and are
therefore referred to as albino. Two normal parents produce an albino child. What are
the chances that the next child will be an albino?
How does a pluripotent cell differ from a unipotent or totipotent cell?
Are the three methods of producing the building blocks of life proposed in this chapter
mutually exclusive?
__________ secreted by one plant cell alter the activity of a different cell.
Genetic evidence suggests that insects have evolved from crustaceans. What is a reason
that insects are so much smaller than crustaceans?
In cultivated stocks, the cross of a variety of white flower plants produced all red
flowers in the F1 generation, but the F2 generation produced 87 red, 31 cream, and 39
white. Explain these results by giving the genotypes possible for each phenotype.
Different molecular forms of the same gene are __________.
Knockout experiments involving __________ genes in fruit flies (Drosophila
melanogaster) revealed local controls over gene expression.
A __________ is an area where all precipitation drains into a specific waterway.
Where a cold, dry season alternates with a cold, rainy season, __________ dominate.
Do human beings meet the five conditions necessary for Hardy-Weinberg law? Explain.
The filaments typically grow as an extensive mesh called a __________.
__________ secrete products such as sweat or digestive enzymes through ducts.
__________ species are likely to become endangered in the future.
Jaws and paired fins evolved in early __________.
Water flowing over fish gills exchanges gases with blood flowing in the opposite
direction inside gill capillaries. This is called__________.
__________ is a concentration of nerves and sensory structures at the head end.
Would plant roots exhibit gravitropism in outer space? Why or why not?
