Answer the following questions in reference to the four “habitat” items listed below.
a. habitat fragmentation
b. habitat island
c. habitat loss
d. habitat
This action may result in a lack of sufficient resources to sustain the population.
From what feature are jaws through to have evolved?
a. pharynx
b. vertebrae
c. legs
d. arms
e. gill arches
Ethanol can be easily produced from:
a. photosynthetic pigments.
b. crystalline cellulose.
c. root systems of plants.
d. plant sugars.
e. all of these.
The illustration shows one possible outcome of the random alignment of homologous
chromosomes at metaphase I. How many other possible arrangements exist?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3
e. 4
Which of the following groups can be distinguished from other arthropods by its two
pairs of antennae?
a. insects
b. millipedes
c. chelicerates
d. crustaceans
e. trilobites
Repressor proteins
a. prevent binding of RNA polymerase to DNA.
b. cause the DNA regions that contain the operator to twist or loop.
c. inactivate operon genes when their products are not required.
d. bind to sets of operators.
e. do all of these.
The two major divisions of the vertebrate nervous system are the
a. autonomic and peripheral systems.
b. sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.
c. cranial and spinal nerves.
d. central and peripheral nervous systems.
e. brain and spinal cord.
Respond to the following statements in reference to the five regions of the vertebrate
brain listed below.
a. cerebrum
b. hypothalamus
c. pons
d. cerebellum
e. medulla oblongata
This region controls the complex coordination of motor activity and limb movement.
Sensory pathways of smell and taste
a. begin with chemoreceptors.
b. end up in the cerebral cortex.
c. reach the limbic system.
d. are integrated with stored memories.
e. include all of these.
A pine tree is called a sporophyte because it
a. develops from a germinated spore.
b. produces spores by meiosis.
c. is haploid.
d. undergoes fertilization.
e. reproduces by both sexual and asexual means.
Millipede
Choose the most appropriate answer for each.
a. two pairs of legs per segment
b. tiny, flattened, crawling forms
c. planarians, flukes, tapeworms
d. nematodes
e. snails, squids, clams
f. wheel animals
g. flagellated collar cells present
h. jellyfish and corals
i. crustaceans, ticks, and insects
j. polychaetes, earthworms, leeches
k. sea urchins, sea stars
Similar body parts are not always homologous. They may have evolved independently
in separate lineages as adaptations to the same
a. reproductive isolation of these groups.
b. environmental pressures.
c. reduced genetic variability in these groups.
d. identical genes in all three groups.
e. factor as all of these.
monosaccharides
Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a. made in the small intestine and pancreas; act on peptide fragments
b. glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c. made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d. made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e. made by the small intestine; acts on double sugars
f. made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g. contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h. made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i. stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j. circular muscle acts like valve
Respond to the following statements with reference to the five vitamins listed below.
a. Vitamin B1
b. Vitamin B2
c. Niacin
d. Vitamin B6
e. Vitamin B12
This vitamin is a coenzyme involved in amino acid metabolism and is obtained from
meats, spinach, and tomatoes.
Cell differentiation accounts for cells of an organism becoming different in
a. composition.
b. structure.
c. function.
d. development.
e. all of these.
The letter “D” in the above figure represents the
a. style.
b. ovary.
c. stigma.
d. anther.
e. filament.
Root formation in stem cuttings can be improved by the application of
a. synthetic auxins.
b. abscisic acid.
c. salicylic acid.
d. citric acid.
e. nitric acid.
The various energy levels in an atom of magnesium ( ) have different numbers of
electrons. Use the numbers below to answer the following questions.
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 6
e. 8
number of electrons in the second energy level
DNA replication is
a. redundant.
b. semiconservative.
c. progressive.
d. conservative.
e. repetitive.
The most successful (largest numbers of species) forms of life that have ever evolved
are the
a. vertebrates.
b. insects.
c. humans.
d. protozoans.
e. mollusks.
The organism shown here represents the ____ stage in the life cycle.
a. sporophyte
b. gametophyte
c. haploid
d. motile
e. feeding
The F2 phenotypic ratio of 9:3:4 is a result of a cross involving
a. two genes expressing complete dominance.
b. a gene expressing dominance and another gene expressing codominance.
c. two genes expressing codominance.
d. epistasis, in which one gene modifies the expression of the other gene.
e. multiple alleles.
Use the figure above illustrating honeybee dances to answer the following questions.
A dance that recruits other bees into foraging 90 degrees to the right of the sun is
indicated by
a. A.
b. B.
c. C.
d. D.
e. E.
An hypothesis currently getting a lot of attention concerning the origin of biological
molecules is that they originated
a. in hot springs.
b. near volcanoes.
c. near hydrothermal oceanic vents.
d. in salt lakes.
e. in tidal pools.
Which of these is true for most water-soluble hormones?
a. They must be transported by specific carriers in the blood.
b. They have no trouble entering their target cells.
c. They find and react with surface receptor molecules.
d. They never elicit the production of a second messenger.
e. They trigger gene transcription.
The Spinal Cord
Use the figure above showing a reflex arc to answer the following questions.
Stretch-sensitive muscle spindles are indicated by
a. A.
b. B.
c. C.
d. D.
e. none of these.
Homo erectus
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. lived from approximately 200,000 to 30,000 years ago; stocky body adapted to colder
climates
b. lived about 1.9 million years ago until 53,000 years ago; cranial capacity
approximately 1,000 cubic centimeters; bipedal
c. lived about 30 million years ago near Fayum
d. modern humans since 195,000 years ago
e. Lucy; lived about 3.2 million years ago
hot spot
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. a reduction in suitable places to live
b. organisms that give an “early warning” signal of changes in biodiversity
c. new method of harvesting trees to preserve diversity
d. a field of research whose goal is conservation of biodiversity
e. species vulnerable to extinction
f. broad land or ocean region defined by climate, geography, and producers
g. ocean structure of amazing biological complexity
h. locations where species are in greatest danger of extinction
i. a national park is an example
j. narrow corridor of vegetation along a stream or river
k. isolated patches of habitat;
The endomembrane system did not start developing until the atmosphere was
a. high oxygen, high carbon dioxide.
b. high hydrogen, low oxygen.
c. changing from low oxygen to high oxygen.
d. firmly in the age of aerobes.
e. all of these.
An -NH2 group is a(n) ____ group.
a. carboxyl
b. hydroxyl
c. amine
d. methyl
e. carbonyl
Limbic system
Choose the most appropriate answer.
a. integrates body position, motions, balance
b. in cnidarians; based on reflex pathways devoted to swimming and feeding
c. messages from here arouse the brain and maintain wakefulness
d. the cortical region that coordinates muscles required for speech
e. all parts of nerve cells outside the brain and spinal cord
f. acetylcholine is an example
g. reflex control center for breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure
h. axons of the central nervous system that are sheathed with fatty myelin
i. at top of the brainstem bordering the cerebral hemispheres; influences learning and
emotional behavior
j. motor neurons that are divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
k. membrane coverings over brain spinal cord
l. contains the tectum; receives and integrates sensory information that is largely sent on
to the forebrain for further neural processing
m. connects right and left cerebral hemispheres
n. group of nerve cell bodies that form an integrative center
o. contains centers concerned with body temperature regulation and with salt and water
balance
Chart the path of sperm from production to exit from the body?
__________ are body parts that look alike in different lineages but did not evolve in a
common ancestor.
In some plants, the direction of growth changes in response to contact with an object.
This is called __________.
Each tRNA has an __________ that base-pairs with a codon, and each binds to the kind
of amino acid specified by the codon.
Respiratory proteins such as __________ in red blood cells and __________ in muscle
bind oxygen and help maintain gradients that favor gas exchange.
nucleolus
__________ selection leads to forms of traits that enhance reproductive success and
may result in sexual dimorphism.
Male gonads are __________, which produce sperm and the sex hormone __________.
Assume alternative splicing can generate all permutations and combination. How many
proteins could a gene with three exons and two introns generate?
An __________ consists of an array of organisms along with nonliving components of
their environment.
__________ and _________ are released by neurons of the adrenal medulla and cause a
fight-flight response as does stimulation by the sympathetic nervous system.
__________ sense and respond to water concentration.
Imagine you were “building” a plant. You wanted a particular tissue to be somewhat
rigid but capable of rapid growth. What tissue type would you pick?
A bacterium undergoes four rounds of replication. How many cells would result, and
how many of those cells would still have part of an original DNA strand from the
starting bacterium ?
__________ lengthen stems, break dormancy in seeds and buds, and stimulate
flowering.
Why is malaria such an effective disease?
The maximum possible rate of increase is a species’ __________ potential.
What property of phospholipids allows them to form cell membranes?