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Answer the following questions with reference to the bones listed below.
a. clavicle
b. lumbar vertebra
c. tibia
d. metatarsal
e. metacarpal
A ruptured disk is next to this bone.
Glycolysis-Glucose Breakdown Starts
Which of the following is indicated by the arrow as the location of glycolysis?
a. cytoplasm
b. Golgi body
c. nucleoid
d. mitochondrion
e. rough endoplasmic reticulum
Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
Signals that stimulate the release of hormone molecules are carried along
a. A.
b. B.
c. C.
d. D.
e. E.
A species is found to exist in one of three colors. Assuming an epistatic interaction, now
many genes would be involved?
a. 0.
b. 1.
c. 2.
d. 3.
e. 6.
Hormones are distributed throughout the body by the ____ system.
a. exocrine
b. lymphatic
c. nervous
d. circulatory
e. integumentary
The majority of crustaceans live in
a. bodies of freshwater.
b. tropical rain forests.
c. marine habitats.
d. wetlands.
e. grasslands.
The following phrases refer to the eukaryotic cell cycle. Select the single BEST choice
for each phrase.
a. G2
b. mitosis
c. S
d. G1
e. cytokinesis
Last part of interphase in the parent cell (i.e. when the cell is no longer in interphase)
Which of the following is a phase of the menstrual cycle?
a. follicular phase
b. luteal phase
c. ovulation
d. all of these
e. none of these
Petal
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. male spores of anthers
b. site where pollen tube usually penetrates the ovule
c. develops into a fruit at maturity
d. a 2n cell that will help form nutrients for the developing plant embryo
e. cluster of matured ovaries attached to a common receptacle
f. modified leaf with pigments and fragrance-producing cells
g. immature male gametophyte
h. female reproductive organ
i. landing platform for pollen
j. pollen-bearing structure
k. female spores of ovule
l. outermost whorl of leaf parts on a receptacle; generally green, but sometimes
pigmented
m. female gametophyte
n. matured ovaries of several flowers fused together into a single mass (for example,
pineapple, fig)
o. forms a seed at maturity
Retroviruses are characterized by
a. an RNA core.
b. integrating DNA into the host's chromosome.
c. the enzyme reverse transcriptase.
d. having one strain that causes AIDS.
e. all of these.
Which of the following statements is true regarding HPV infection?
a. There are around 6 million new cases in the US per year.
b. Some strains cause genital warts.
c. Some strains cause cervical cancer.
d. A vaccine can prevent HPV infection.
e. All of these are true.
The main photosynthetic area of a leaf consists of
a. mesophyll.
b. cortex.
c. xylem.
d. epidermis.
e. none of these.
Which of the following is true of type 1 diabetes?
a. Insulin levels are near normal.
b. Target cells do not respond normally to insulin.
c. It is the more common form of diabetes.
d. It is thought to be an autoimmune disease.
e. It usually occurs in middle-aged people.
The endosperm of a plant
a. is the food supply for the new sporophyte plant.
b. is composed of haploid tissue.
c. protects the young embryo within a seed.
d. provides a connection between the ovary of a flower and a developing seed.
e. produces sperm cells.
Use the five compounds listed below for the following questions.
a. ethanol
b. pyruvate
c. lactate
d. citrate
e. acetaldehyde
This compound is an end product of anaerobic respiration in exercising muscle.
habitat loss
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. a reduction in suitable places to live
b. organisms that give an "early warning" signal of changes in biodiversity
c. new method of harvesting trees to preserve diversity
d. a field of research whose goal is conservation of biodiversity
e. species vulnerable to extinction
f. broad land or ocean region defined by climate, geography, and producers
g. ocean structure of amazing biological complexity
h. locations where species are in greatest danger of extinction
i. a national park is an example
j. narrow corridor of vegetation along a stream or river
k. isolated patches of habitat;
Select the best disorder listed below to match the following statements.
a. Galactosemia
b. Turner syndrome
c. Klinefelter's syndrome
d. hemophilia A
e. Down syndrome
This disorder is an autosomal recessive disorder.
Four of the five answers listed below are types of intercellular connections. Select the
exception.
a. tight junctions
b. gap junctions
c. plasmodesmata
d. adhering junctions
e. plasmalemma
Vernalization
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Some letters may not be used.
a. flower each successive year or after several years of vegetative growth
b. promotes cell elongation in stems
c. has receptor sites for a particular hormonal message
d. a hollow, cylindrical organ that protects young leaves growing within it
e. blue-green pigment that absorbs light energy
f. low-temperature stimulation of flowering
g. stimulates stomata closure and might be involved in root geotropism
h. stimulates fruit ripening
i. reproduces in spring
j. produces only roots, stems, and leaves the first growing season and produces flowers
the second year
k. occurring on a 24-hour cycle
l. flowers in autumn
m. a nonhormonal plant growth regulator
n. lives for only one growing season
o. promotes stem elongation in plants
p. pigment involved in flowering process
Height, weight, and eye color are examples of phenotypes that illustrate all BUT
a. polygenic inheritance.
b. continuous variation.
c. pleiotropy.
d. the action of several gene pairs each with additive effects.
e. the cumulative effect of several gene products acting to determine phenotype.
Achondroplasia
a. is inherited as an autosomal recessive condition.
b. affects about one in one million people.
c. affects only homozygotes.
d. is characterized by abnormally short arms and legs.
e. is all of these.
Rosalind Franklin used which technique to determine many of the physical
characteristics of DNA?
a. transformation
b. transmission electron microscopy
c. density-gradient centrifugation
d. X-ray diffraction
e. all of these
Match the following descriptions to the most appropriate function, process, or trait
listed below.
a. inheritance
b. reproduction
c. photosynthesis
d. growth
e. homeostasis
the passage of DNA from parent to offspring
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. gives rise to periderm
b. nucleate phloem cells that help load and unload the phloem
c. dead cells with perforation plates; more efficient at water conduction than other
xylem cells
d. living nonnucleated cells that conduct food from photosynthetic source area to
storage sink area
e. a cylinder of parenchyma cells outside the vascular tissue but inside the endodermis
f. clusters of strands containing xylem, phloem, and vascular cambium
g. dead cells without perforation plates; the principal xylem cells of nonflowering
vascular plants
h. cells with thick secondary walls impregnated with lignin that are especially abundant
in some fruits and seeds
i. the principal photosynthetic region of a leaf
j. regions that can undergo mitosis
k. gas exchange and storage plus photosynthesis
Vessel members
Which joints are likely to be affected by osteoarthritis?
a. fingers
b. knees
c. hips
d. backbone
e. all of these
secondary succession
Choose the most appropriate answer for each.
a. blending in and being hidden by the background
b. where an organism is generally located in a community
c. one organism benefits at another organism's expense
d. traditionally a self-sustaining array of interacting organisms that is best suited for a
particular environment
e. lichens on newly hardened, newly cooled lava
f. robins and human populations
g. the yucca moth and the yucca
h. one species is eliminated from an area of niche overlap
i. tasty species resembles repugnant one
j. the process that leads from a pioneer community to a mature community
k. natural reforestation of burned-over forest
rib muscles
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. flexible windpipe reinforced with cartilage
b. surrounds each lung
c. oxygen-rich form of a respiratory protein
d. contains two true vocal cords
e. alter chest cavity volume
f. part of the brainstem; controls breathing
g. throat passage behind the mouth
h. inhalation and exhalation
i. connect trachea to lungs
j. flaplike structure that points upward allowing air to enter trachea, but blocks the
larynx during swallowing
k. contraction increases thoracic volume
l. microscopically small pockets lined with moist epithelium
Control over enzyme activity
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. influences the amount and kinds of mRNA assembled from structural genes
b. snipping out of transcript regions; chemical modification of transcript before it
arrives at ribosome control
c. nuclear envelope selectively regulates passage of transcripts
d. phosphorylation of translated protein
e. for example, the interior environmental pH determines whether a protein can act as a
cell catalyst
Select the best choice for the following statements using the five groups listed below.
a. apicomplexans
b. amoebozoans
c. euglenoids
d. dinoflagellates
e. trypanosomes
Neurotoxin from some members of this group can kill humans.
Respond to the following items in reference to the four cell types listed below.
a. sensory neurons
b. interneurons
c. motor neurons
d. Schwann cells
Cells that are restricted to the brain and spinal cord
Answer the following questions in reference to the five divisions of vascular plants
listed below.
a. lycophytes
b. bryophytes
c. monocots
d. conifers
e. eudicots
In members of this group the gametophyte is the dominant generation.
The organ of Corti
a. functions in the awareness of motion and the sense of equilibrium.
b. controls the sense of depth perception.
c. converts sound vibrations into impulses that enable hearing.
d. secretes cerebrospinal fluid.
e. detects light energy.
Use the five compounds listed below for the following questions.
a. ethanol
b. pyruvate
c. lactate
d. citrate
e. acetaldehyde
This compound is produced by fast-twitch muscle fibers.
Stabilizing selection occurs when
a. the environment controls which organisms will survive.
b. humans determine which organisms will survive.
c. the extremes of the population have a lesser chance to survive.
d. the extremes of the population have a better chance to survive.
e. the organisms on one extreme of the population have a better chance to survive than
those on the other extreme.
Cardiac muscle cells
a. do not contract by a sliding filament mechanism.
b. are similar to those of smooth muscle in being nonstriated.
c. have fewer mitochondria than skeletal muscle cells do.
d. possess numerous gap junctions on their sides, favoring rapid spread of excitation.
e. have intercalated disks with tight junctions at their branching ends.
