Infants, Children, and Adolescents 7th Edition

1) which of the following statements is true about birthrate trends between 1970 and 2008? a)the birthrate increased during this period for women 20 to 24 years of age. b)the birthrate decreased during this period for women 25 years of age and older. c)for women in their thirties, the birthrate more than doubled

1) during adolescence, intimacy in dating relationships typically ________ intimacy in same-sex friendships. a)is advanced compared to b)lags behind c)appears at about the same time as d)substitutes for Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) research on friendships shows that a)preschoolers interact in essentially the same ways with both friends and nonfriends. b)preschoolers give the same amount of reinforcement to

1) a childs iq score offers a way of finding out a)individual strengths and weaknesses, as well as the mental and chronological age of the child. b)whether the child is ahead, behind, or average in mental development compared to agemates. c)the percentage of younger and older children who fall above or below the

1) learned-helpless children a)are more persistent than other children. b)are more likely to see the connection between effort and success. c)attribute their failures to bad luck. d)hold a fixed view of ability. Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) the kauai study tells us that a)even children who experience mild birth trauma and grow up in stable families do

1) immigrant parents of successful youths typically a)view school successes as less important than native-born parents. b)develop close ties to an ethnic community. c)encourage full assimilation into the majority culture. d)stress individualistic values over collectivist values. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) hilda is moving into a new neighborhood before her son starts kindergarten.

1) which of the following subjects are children most likely to regard as more for girls? a)mathematics b)physical education c)language arts d)mechanics Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) mr. carters physical education class should emphasize a)competitive sports. b)individual exercise. c)team success. d)athletic ability. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 3) which child is the most likely to be well-adjusted after a divorce? a)corez, whose parents have

1) baby calinda sucks on a bottle. the taste of the sweet liquid increases calindas sucking. this is an example of a)operant conditioning. b)habituation. c)classical conditioning. d)extinction. Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) mrs. markie, a first-grade teacher, believes that, from the beginning, children should be exposed to text in its complete form so that they can

1) willeminas mom is concerned that she is not eating a well-balanced diet. one solution is to a)make sure she eats three healthy meals a day, but allow at least one junk food snack between meals. b)keep cheese, fruit, raw vegetables, and peanut butter readily available for snacks. c)make sure to have new, novel

1) eight-year-old daniel focuses on several aspects of a problem and relates them, rather than centering on just one. daniel is capable of a)decentration. b)conservation. c)reversibility. d)seriation. Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) according to gilligan, feminine morality is based on a)rights and justice. b)an ethic of care. c)irrational reasoning. d)the same principles as male morality. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 3) the majority of

1) nissa wants to be a physicist or an engineer. according to holland, she is a(n) ________ person. a)realistic b)conventional c)investigative d)enterprising Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) in terms of growth norms, which of the following children is most likely to be the tallest? a)miguel from south america b)rondi from the pacific islands c)kota from asia d)rainer from switzerland Answer: d Answer:

1) japanese infants reactions in the strange situation frequently show _________ attachment, but this reaction may not represent the true attachment pattern. a)disorganized/disoriented b)avoidant c)resistant d)secure Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) which of the following is true about teacherstudent relationships? a)well-behaved, high-achieving students typically get less support from teachers because they are not as needy as other

1) separation protest declines during which of bowlbys phases? a)preattachment b)attachment in the making c)clear-cut attachment d)formation of a reciprocal relationship Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) dynamic systems theory provides convincing evidence that motor development a)is generally slower in females than males. b)is hardwired into the nervous system. c)always follows the cephalocaudal trend. d)cannot be genetically determined. Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 3)

1) today, an estimated ______ percent of u.s. women smoke during pregnancies. a)4 b)10 c)14 d)20 Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) renae has a compulsive fear of getting fat. as a result, she is starving herself. renae has a)bulimia nervosa. b)typical adolescent insecurities. c)a 10 percent chance of a full recovery. d)anorexia nervosa. Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 3) which of the following

1) in general, research shows that the earlier the school transition, the a)more powerful its impact, especially for boys. b)more powerful its impact, especially for girls. c)less its impact, especially for boys. d)less its impact, especially for girls. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) children will spend ________ of time working out the rules of a game

1) the most widely discussed threat to the accuracy of longitudinal findings is a)practice effects. b)cohort effects. c)selective attrition. d)biased sampling. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) at a parentteacher conference, mr. hopewell informed juans parents that he had been tested and was found to be a highly creative child. the test probably focused

1) which of the following is true about reducing prejudices? a)long-term contact and collaboration in neighborhoods, schools, and communities may be the best way to reduce prejudices. b)children assigned to cooperative learning groups with peers of diverse backgrounds have fewer prejudices even with regard to out-group members who are not part of the

1) aisha has the capacity to imagine what other people may be thinking and feeling. aisha has developed a)social referencing. b)self-conceptualization. c)perspective taking. d)emotional self-efficacy. Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c the most common approach to controlling pain during labor is a)epidural analgesia. b)pitocin. 2) c)a spinal block. d)meditation. Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 3) which of the following is true about

1) sleep rebound on weekends a)helps teenagers perform better in school during the weekdays. b)is vitally important to teenage sleep patterns. c)can lead to difficulty falling asleep on subsequent evenings. d)decreases the sleep phase delay. Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) four-year-old matthew is shown a robot. matthew is most likely to say that the robot cannot a)see. b)think. c)grow. d)remember. Answer:

the stage concept assumes that 1) a)development is a smooth, continuous process. b)change is fairly sudden rather than gradual and ongoing. c)infants and preschoolers respond to the world in much the same way as adults do. d)development is a process of gradually adding more of the same types of skills that were there to

1) _________ has the most up-to-date health-care technology in the world. a)the united states b)china c)sweden d)canada Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) teenagers struggle to make plans and decisions because they a)think more rationally than adults. b)are better at making abstract judgments than real-world decisions. c)have not yet mastered abstract thought. d)have difficulty inhibiting emotions and impulses. Answer:

1) three-year-old rachael could not solve a conservation-of-liquid task because she focused on the height of the water. rachaels thinking is characterized by a)dynamic transformation. b)irreversibility. c)hierarchical classification. d)centration. Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d as pregnancy advances, the placenta releases increasing amounts of a)crh. b)cortisol. c)insulin. 2) d)thyroxine. Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 3) formal academic training during early childhood a)produces children

1) dynamic assessment is consistent with ___________ theory. a)piagets b)vygotskys c)freuds d)jensens Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) marnie, age 2, carries her plate to the sink and announces, i big girl! this statement demonstrates that marnie is beginning to develop a)an internal working model. b)self-conscious emotions. c)a categorical self. d)empathy. Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 3) the production of ___________

1) piaget believed that through __________, young children practice and strengthen newly acquired representational schemes. a)logical reasoning b)language acquisition c)pretending d)physical activity Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) which of the following is true about adolescent friendships? a)they limit opportunities for self-exploration. b)they reduce adolescents positive feelings about school. c)they lead to daily hassles in getting along with others. d)they are

1) most natural childbirth programs draw on methods developed by grantly dick-read and fernand lamaze, who recognized that a)new labor medications could be used to reduce the pain of childbirth. b)hospital costs could be saved if women used prepared childbirth methods. c)cultural attitudes had taught women to fear the birth experience. d)the mothers home

1) if you asked 3-year-old aidan to tell you about himself, which of the following is he most likely to say? a)i have a new cat. b)i am funny. c)i am a good boy. d)i am shy. Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) the best way to reduce the suffering of victims of child sexual abuse is a)by

1) which of the following girls is the least likely to develop anorexia nervosa? a)aaliyah, a caucasian american b)brenda, an asian american c)cheyanne, an african american d)deliah, a hispanic american Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) in order to increase girls participation, self-confidence, and sense of fair treatment in athletics, the text recommends a)less emphasis on skill training

1) suzanne questions her parents religious beliefs and has begun to visit other churches to find out about alternatives. what identity status characterizes suzanne? a)identity achievement b)identity moratorium c)identity foreclosure d)identity diffusion Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b teenagers in the united states spend more time together outside the classroom than teenagers in europe or east asia. the

dagwood and marcia postponed parenthood until dagwood was 32 and marcia was 31. they have a happy marriage and both have fulfilling careers. compared to younger parents, which of the following statements is most likely to be true? 1) a)dagwood will be less enthusiastic about being a father. b)marcia is less likely to

1) the __________ items on an intelligence test are assumed to assess more biologically based skills. a)verbal b)spatial reasoning c)fact-oriented d)culturally based Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) factor analysis identifies a)normative ages for correct responses to items on an iq test. b)which items on an iq test are reliable. c)whether an iq test actually measures intelligence. d)which items on an iq

1) sleep contributes to body growth because a)gh is released during the childs sleeping hours. b)rest allows the awake body to produce gh at higher levels. c)rest allows the awake body to produce tsh at higher levels. d)rem sleep heightens the impact of environmental events. Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) between the 1970s and the 1990s,

1) the age of viability occurs sometime between _______ and _______ weeks. a)18; 22 b)20; 24 c)22; 26 d)26; 30 Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) according to piaget, organization takes place a)apart from direct contact with the environment. b)only during the preoperational stage. c)during substage 3 of piagets sensorimotor period. d)when new schemes are formed. Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 3) most girls

1) skull growth is especially rapid a)between birth and age 2 years. b)during the preschool years. c)between age 3 and 5 years. d)during adolescence. Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) as teenagers become sure that others are observing and thinking about them, they start to feel special and unique. this feature of adolescent thought is called a)propositional reasoning. b)the

1) children whose parents use a(n) ___________ child-rearing style feel especially good about themselves. a)authoritarian b)permissive c)authoritative d)uninvolved Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) according to bowlby, out of their experiences during the four attachment phases, children a)learn autonomy and develop self-soothing because they learn that caregivers cannot be relied upon to provide support during times of stress. b)move from

1) which of the following is more likely to be seen in a vygotskian, than a piagetian, classroom? a)activities to foster peer collaboration b)acceptance of individual differences c)opportunities for active participation d)experiences to promote independent exploration Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) which of the following is a limitation of vygotskys sociocultural theory? a)it neglects the biological side

1) gil describes his son as calm and cautious. he describes his daughter as cheerful and energetic. gils descriptions refer to the childrens a)ability to use effortful control. b)ability to use self-soothing. c)temperaments. d)level of reactivity. Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) which of the following is a true statement concerning childhood immunizations? a)the united states is ahead

1) telegraphic speech a)usually contains significant grammatical errors. b)focuses on high-content words. c)emerges around age 3. d)focuses on smaller, less important words. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) ned is a gay man. he recalls feeling different from other children when he was young. if ned is typical, when did this first sense of his biologically determined sexual

1) which of the following is true? a)the adolescent suicide rate is 3 to 4 times higher among boys than girls. b)boys attempt suicide more often than girls. c)compared to boys, girls are more likely to use suicide methods that lead to instant death. d)the adolescent suicide rate is about the same for boys

1) legibility of writing gradually increases as children a)use larger, more uniform lettering. b)produce letters with uniform height and spacing. c)learn to make strokes with their entire arm. d)learn to accurately integrate two-dimensional shapes. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) most 3-year-olds a)use an adult grip pattern to hold a pencil. b)vary their pencil grip, depending on the location

1) training in __________ is an effective treatment for aggressive children. a)associative play b)social problem solving c)instrumental aggression d)inductive discipline Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) which of the following changes could you anticipate for the child of ethiopian immigrants who relocated to the united states? a)she will be taller and longer-legged than her agemates in ethiopia. b)she will

1) until recently, children were not assumed fully competent to testify in court cases involving child abuse until age a)3. b)5. c)7. d)10. Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) in middle childhood, children realize that peoples ________ and ____________ affect the moral implications of violating a social convention. a)intentions; the context of their actions b)age; intelligence c)gender; the context of

1) exposure to multiple viewpoints during emerging adulthood a)often confuses young people, thereby delaying commitment to life goals. b)encourages young people to adopt rigid values and beliefs. c)often causes young people to rebel against their family values for a period of time. d)encourages young people to look more closely at themselves, thereby developing a

1) jermaine, a college sophomore, was asked, if two people disagree on the interpretation of a poem, how would you decide which one is right? he replied, youd have to ask the poet. its his poem. jermaine is displaying a)dualistic thinking. b)cognitive dissonance. c)relativistic thinking. d)epistemic cognition. Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) appreciation of ________________ greatly

1) according to the information-processing framework, ________ make(s) more complex forms of thinking possible with age. a)increases in the size of short-term memory b)changes in the structure of the mental system c)increases in the capacity of the mental system d)the emergence of goal-directed behavior Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) within peer groups, children a)learn to embrace their

1) infants learn and retain information a)only through physical activity. b)just by watching objects and events. c)only by manipulating objects. d)but they cannot engage in recall. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) marcus is able to evaluate the logic of verbal statements without making reference to real-world circumstances. marcus is engaging in a)hypothetico-deductive reasoning. b)propositional thought. c)concrete operational thought. d)cognitive intuition. Answer:

1) about _______ percent of children are repeatedly victimized by bullies. a)3 to 7 b)9 to 12 c)15 to 30 d)35 to 50 Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) emma, age 8, can turn cartwheels, do the splits, and do handsprings. this is probably due to which two factors of growth in middle childhood? a)ligaments not firmly attached

1) results of jerome kagans longitudinal research on the development of shyness and sociability found that a)about 70 percent of 4-month-olds were easily upset by novelty. b)nearly all of the extreme groups retained their temperamental styles over time. c)most childrens dispositions became less extreme over time. d)as infants, more children were shy than were

1) mikkah is 8 years old and experiences nocturnal enuresis. his parents have decided against any type of treatment, feeling that he will outgrow it. his parents should know that a)treatment in middle childhood has immediate positive psychological consequences. b)enuresis is not something that can be outgrown. c)doing nothing is, in fact, the

1) some researchers hypothesize that prenatal exposure to ________ enhances right hemispheric functioning, giving males an advantage in spatial abilities. a)estrogens b)endorphins c)androgens d)adrenaline Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) of the following statements, which is supported by research on head start? a)gains for head start participants are similar, though not as strong as for participants of university-based

1) which of the following children is the most likely to be a risk-taker? a)betsy, whose parents are safety-conscious b)frank, whose parents strictly supervise his activities c)deanna, whose parents consistently enforce rules d)donald, whose parents use punitive discipline Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) sids victims usually a)have normal sleepwake patterns. b)have normal apgar scores. c)show physical problems from the

1) chromosomes a)store and transmit genetic information. b)come in 46 matching pairs. c)are inherited from the mother only. d)are inherited from the father only. Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) _________ can be estimated by x-raying the bones and seeing the number of epiphyses and the extent to which they are fused. a)chronological age b)skeletal age c)adult

1) in what important way do theories differ from mere opinion or belief? a)they are influenced by cultural values. b)they depend on scientific verification. c)singular theories can explain all aspects of development. d)they cannot be tested using a fair set of research procedures. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) in _____________ experiments, control over the treatment is

1) which of the following is an example of a fine-motor skill? a)standing b)throwing c)sitting up d)grasping Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d tonya is pregnant for a second time. she hopes to have a vaginal delivery, although her first delivery was cesarean. you should advise tonya that 2) a)she will be required to have a second cesarean delivery. b)a natural

1) defining who you are, what you value, and the directions you choose to pursue in life is part of a)constructing an identity. b)moral development. c)gender intensification. d)commitment. Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) goodness of fit is a)only effective with sociable, securely attached children. b)rarely successful with difficult children. c)only effective with infants and toddlers. d) at the heart of infantcaregiver

1) after high school, tom entered college while his brother jay went to work. which of the following is true? a)jay will probably settle on a self-definition before tom. b)jay is unlikely to reach identity achievement. c)tom is at greater risk for identity diffusion than jay. d)tom and jay are unlikely to differ in

1) which of the following young people is at greatest risk for suicide? a)jennifer, who is hispanic b)claire, who is african american c)alyssia, who is native american d)leah, who is caucasian american Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) hollys birthday is two days before the cutoff date for kindergarten enrollment. her parents are considering delaying her school

1) according to erikson, the psychological conflict of the preschool years is a)trust versus mistrust. b)industry versus inferiority. c)initiative versus guilt. d)autonomy versus shame. Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) ________ help(s) doctors measure skeletal age. a)growth norms b)x-rays of epiphyses c)height and weight d)chronological age Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 3) which of the following children is the most likely to have a

1) which of the following is true about child sexual abuse? a)children with disabilities are abused less than their typically developing peers. b)sexual abuse is committed against children of both sexes, but more often against girls. c)most cases begin in middle childhood and are not reported until adulthood. d)typically, the abuser is a nonrelative

1) which of the following is a true statement about self-help skills? a)while young preschoolers can use a spoon well, they cannot serve themselves at mealtimes. b)the use of child-sized eating utensils is unnecessary and inhibits fine-motor progress. c)between ages 4 and 5, children can dress and undress without supervision. d)shoe-tying skills are typically

1) between 6 and 12 years of age, hyrum demonstrates quicker, more accurate movements. this means that hyrum has improved a)agility. b)flexibility. c)nimbleness. d)pliability. Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) which of the following is the most common psychological problem of the teenage years? a)anorexia nervosa b)drug abuse c)depression d)social anxiety Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 3) research shows that although the morality of

1) the attachment q-sort a)is a quicker and more efficient method of assessing attachment than the strange situation. b)takes place in a specially designed laboratory. c)taps a wider array of attachment-related behaviors than the strange situation. d)differentiates between the types of insecurity. Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) research shows the young children

1) gina has a bruise on her leg. she turned down an invitation to a swim party, explaining, i cant possibly wear a swim suit with this ugly bruise. everyone will notice how ugly i look! ginas response reveals that her thinking is characterized by a)paranoia. b)argumentativeness. c)the imaginary audience. d)the personal fable. Answer: c Answer:

1) kelly has reached adolescence and experiences difficulty having faith in ideals, such as truth, freedom, and honesty. according to erikson, kelly a)has a weak sense of trust. b)has poor initiative. c)lacks a sense of industry. d)recently overcome an identity crisis. Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) to sit next to her mother at a restaurant, diana

1) proponents of emerging adulthood as a distinct period note that a) it fails to describe the experiences of most of the worlds youths. b)it applies to most young people in industrialized societies. c)it occurs across diverse cultures and ses groups. d)emerging adults are part of a general trend toward blurring of age-related expectations. Answer:

1) sophia displays a blend of positive and negative social behaviors. she is disruptive, but also engages in prosocial acts. sophia is a __________ child. a)popular-antisocial b)rejected-aggressive c)neglected d)controversial Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) in middle childhood, childrens attitude toward language undergoes a fundamental shift as they develop a)metalinguistic awareness. b)linguistic reasoning. c)a theory of language. d)systemic linguistics. Answer: a Answer: a Answer:

1) noelle is an african-american teenager who has explored and adopted the values from her own culture, as well as from the dominant caucasian-american culture. noelle has formed a ________ identity. a)weak b)diffused c)foreclosed d)bicultural Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d a researcher studying the effects of a certain pain reliever on children with chronic pain gave one group

1) emmett, age 4 months, looks and smiles more at video images of others than video images of himself. this discrimination reflects an a)explicit sense of selfworld differentiation. b)internal working model. c)implicit sense of selfworld differentiation. d)external working model. Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) the ovum can survive for _____ after it is released into the

1) fontanels a)cannot be felt after four or five months. b)prevent the brain from growing too large. c)permit the bones to overlap during childbirth. d)gradually close by adolescence. Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) which of the following personality traits is a child most likely to describe as feminine? a)dependent b)rational c)dominant d)aggressive Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 3) the short duration of high

in a research study, 10-year-old joe was given a pile of blocks varying in size, shape, and weight and was asked to build a bridge over a river (painted on a floor map) that was too wide for any single block to span. the researcher carefully tracked joes efforts using

1) researchers believe that brain functioning may change in middle childhood because of a)the rapid brain growth during that time period. b)an overabundance of gray matter. c)the influence of hormones. d)the decrease in white matter in the corpus callosum. Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) research on the aka of central africa reveals that a strong fatherinfant

1) children with early-onset delinquency a)feel closer to their families than those whose delinquent behavior begins in adolescence. b)have subtle deficits in cognitive functioning. c)show restlessness and willfulness as early as age 7. d)often outgrow their dysfunctional behavior by late adolescence. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) most children need help with flossing until

1) angies parents encourage her to express her thoughts, feelings, and desires. they make reasonable demands for her maturity and consistently enforce and explain them. angies parents have a(n) ___________ style of child rearing. a)authoritative b)authoritarian c)permissive d)uninvolved Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) baby ashley picks up her ball and says, ball! ashleys father responds with

1) according to piagets theory, in the sensorimotor stage, children a)can think of all possible outcomes in a scientific problem. b)organize objects into hierarchies of classes and subclasses. c)think by acting on the world with their eyes, ears, hands, and mouth. d)can evaluate the logic of verbal statements without referring to real-world circumstances. Answer: c

1) nikki and alex are divorcing. the court grants both of them an equal say in important decisions about their childrens upbringing. this arrangement is known as a)coparenting. b)shared custody. c)custodial mediation. d)joint custody. Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) which of the following children is most likely to have myopia? a)travis, who lives in a high-ses household b)devin,

1) erin has no real interests or hobbies, and she cannot stay committed to an activity, a part-time job, or her school work. some of her peers have called her shallow, and her aunt complains that she is directionless. erikson would say that erin a)is currently in the commitment phase of

1) because participants are measured only once in the cross-sectional design, researchers need not be concerned about difficulties like _____________ and ____________. a)cohort effects; practice effects b)selective attrition; cohort effects c)cohort effects; biased sampling d)participant dropout; practice effects Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) when studying for a test, peter remembers the unrelated words

1) studies on computer use in early childhood demonstrate that a)computer storybooks and other literacy programs interfere with emergent literacy skills. b)children spend most of their time using computers for learning language and math skills. c)combining everyday and computer experiences with math manipulatives is especially effective in promoting math concepts and skills. d)video gaming

1) the bayley scales of infant development test a)is suitable for preschool and school-age children. b)accurately predicts future school achievement. c)is suitable for children between one month and 3 years. d)is a poor predictor of infants mental development. Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) during a ________ task, 4-year-old marissa is asked whether there are more oranges

1) differential treatment of siblings increases when a)siblings strive to be different from one another. b)parents spend more time with children. c)parents are dealing with financial or emotional stress. d)there are fewer children in the family. Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) helena understands that different perspectives may result because people have access to different information. helena

1) five-year-old anthony and his 4-year-old sister angela are engaged in a typical sibling dispute over a favorite chair. in order to help them gain sensitivity to their siblings feelings, their parents should a)intervene with reasoning and negotiating. b)let them work through the dispute on their own, intervening only if there are tears

1) in the strange situation, richard is unresponsive to his mother when she is present. when she leaves, richard reacts to the stranger in much the same way as to his mother. when his mother returns, richard pays no attention to her. richard is demonstrating __________ attachment. a)avoidant b)secure c)disorganized/disoriented d)resistant Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2)

laura is the nanny of jackson, a six-month-old infant, whose single mother is depressed. you can tell laura that 1) a)therapy is unlikely to alleviate parental depression. b)antidepressant medication is unlikely to help jacksons mother. c)jacksons mother will probably need long-term treatment. d)a warm relationship with her can safeguard jacksons development. Answer: d Answer: d

1) children who are expert in an area a)are highly motivated. b)acquire knowledge slowly, but accurately. c)have difficulty making sense of information that is outside their area of expertise. d)have difficulty organizing information. Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) five- and 6-year-olds a)engage in true skipping. b)throw and catch with a rigid upper body. c)draw people using a tadpole image. d)catch

1) young children learning chinese, japanese, and korean acquire ______ more readily than their english-speaking agemates. a)proper nouns b)verbs c)object nouns d)modifiers Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) between 3 and 4 months, babies can a)discriminate positive from negative emotion in voices. b)match faces with voices on the basis of lipvoice synchrony. c)discriminate positive from negative emotion in faces. d)remember the

although baby irinas eyelids are closed, occasional rapid eye movements can been seen beneath them. her breathing is irregular. she stirs occasionally and grimaces while she sleeps. irina is most likely in which of the following states of arousal? 1) a)regular sleep b)drowsiness c)quiet alertness d)rem sleep Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) ________

1) which of the following children is the most likely to lack immunizations? a)sam from the united states b)kristen from canada c)nigel from great britain d)elsa from sweden Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) by age 6, children have a vocabulary of about ______ words. a)1,000 b)5,000 c)10,000 d)50,000 Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 3) in families with several children, a)parents tend to look for

1) according to research on cultural variations in personal storytelling, which of the following self-descriptions is most likely to come from a chinese child? a)i do lots of puzzles. b)i like pigs. c)i am really smart. d)i help my sister wash dishes. Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) the eustachian tube becomes longer, narrow, and more slanted

1) when caring for their babies, mothers devote more time to ________ and fathers devote more time to ________. a)playful interactions; feeding and diaper changes b)feeding and diaper changes; emotional closeness c)playful interactions; emotional closeness d)physical care; playful interactions Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) research on lead exposure during childhood reveals that a)middle-ses children are the most

1) studies of motor development in early childhood show that a)adult involvement in childrens motor development should focus on perfecting the correct technique. b)children need direct instruction to master most gross- and fine-motor skills. c)playgrounds must offer a range of equipment to meet the diverse needs of individual children. d)daily routines, such as pouring

1) in a study comparing mood swings, those between the ages of ______ most often shifted from cheerful to sad and back again. a)9 and 11 b)12 and 16 c)17 and 19 d)20 and 25 Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) which of the following recent theoretical perspectives can best explain why easton never crawled on his

1) the lowest levels of warm, open communication at home are reported by adolescents who are a)foreclosed. b)identity diffused. c)in a state of moratorium. d)identity achieved. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) when 3-year-old kaylee spills her water after filling her glass too full, her mother says, you filled the glass very full. next time try putting

1) one limitation of the longitudinal design is it a)does not permit the study of individual development. b)requires intensive study of participants moment-by-moment behaviors. c)may distort age-related changes because of biased sampling or cohort effects. d)is more efficient than cross-sectional design, but less efficient than microgenetic design. Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) four-year-old

1) which of the following statements is true regarding breastfeeding? a)breastfeeding should be combined with formula for a balanced diet. b)breastfeeding helps increase spacing among siblings. c)breastfeeding has become less common in industrialized nations. d)breastfeeding is a reliable method of birth control. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) which of the following is true about social referencing? a)by

1) four-year-old martha uses shorter, simpler expressions when interacting with her 2-year-old brother. this example suggests that piaget may have a)overestimated preschoolers animistic thinking. b)overestimated preschoolers egocentrism. c)underestimated preschoolers animistic thinking. d)underestimated preschoolers egocentrism. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b vygotskys sociocultural theory emphasizes that 2) a)children are born with prewired understandings that permit a ready grasp of new

1) which of the following is true about the impact of peer interaction on moral reasoning? a)due to high rates of peer pressure, peer interaction in adolescence often interferes with advanced moral reasoning. b)the more time young people spend with peers, the less mature their moral reasoning. c)interaction among peers who confront and engage

1) nearly 30 percent of adolescent mothers a)receive inadequate prenatal care. b)give birth at home. c)give up their babies for adoption. d)develop preclampsia in the third trimester. Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) ________ is linked to delayed initiation of sexual activity and to reduced teenage pregnancy. a)abstinence-based sex education b)even limited sex education c)early pubertal development d)school involvement Answer: d Answer: d Answer:

1) the overall rate of psychological disturbance ________ from childhood to adolescence, when it is about _____ percent. a)rises slightly; 15 b)rises sharply; 35 c)stays about the same; 10 d)decreases slightly; 5 Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) the _____ have a long period of sensitivity to teratogens. a)hands and feet b)palate and mouth c)arms and legs d)brain and eyes Answer: d Answer:

1) _________ is one of the deadliest substance abuse issues. a)alcohol use b)marijuana smoking c)caffeine use d)cigarette smoking Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) in which country do the greatest percentage of the population report being religious? a)italy b)great britain c)germany d)the united states Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 3) a piagetian classroom that emphasizes discovery learning would probably include a)explicit verbal teaching of ready-made

1) surveys of u.s. parents indicate that ________ percent of preschoolers experience no limits on tv or computer use at home. a)2 to 5 b)5 to 10 c)10 to 15 d)20 to 30 Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) from third to sixth grade, a)boys identification with their feminine personality traits increases. b)girls identification with their feminine personality traits

1) maria feels a strong sense of ethnic-group membership and has attitudes and feelings associated with that membership. maria is displaying a)a bicultural identity. b)an ethnic identity. c)identity foreclosure. d)identity confusion. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) kristin and katie are taller and heavier than their mother was at their age. this is an example of a)a generative

1) basic emotions a)are not evident in nonhuman primates. b)are all present at birth. c)have no evolutionary history of promoting survival. d)are universal in humans. Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) the _________ is sensitive to facial emotional expressions, especially fear. a)reticular formation b)amygdala c)hippocampus d)corpus callosum Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 3) birth weight is the best available predictor of a)childhood obesity. b)adolescent anorexia. c)myopia. d)infant survival. Answer:

1) the correct order of the phases of vocational development is: a)fantasy period, tentative period, realistic period. b)tentative period, realistic period, fantasy period. c)fantasy period, realistic period, tentative period. d)realistic period, fantasy period, tentative period. Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) quality tends to be the lowest in a)nonprofit child-care centers. b)family child-care settings. c)for-profit child-care centers. d)single child-care settings. Answer: c Answer:

1) wendi, a dental hygiene student, is visiting a second grade classroom to teach 26 children proper brushing techniques. based on u.s. averages, how many students can she expect to see with some tooth decay? a)4 b)9 c)13 d)20 Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) which of the following individuals is the most likely to score high in

1) in response to the heinz dilemma, jolee explains, if heinz cares at all about what his family thinks of him, he wont let his wife die. hed be a disgrace to his familys name. jolee is in which of kohlbergs stages? a)punishment and obedience orientation b)instrumental purpose orientation c)good boy-good girl orientation d)social-order-maintaining

1) brad is a teen who has experimented minimally with alcohol. brad is likely to a)be a healthy, curious young person. b)become an addict in adulthood. c)be less sociable than his peers who do not experiment. d)choose not to drink alcohol in college. Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) research on pragmatics shows that by age 2,

in a kinship study of intelligence, which of the following sibling pairs will likely share a high correlation? 1) a)max and martin, nontwin brothers b)jabar and tobias, identical twins c)marci and sonia, fraternal twins d)mary jane and susan, nontwin sisters Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) while out shopping, mrs. salveson becomes upset with

1) girls who develop anorexia nervosa typically have a)at least one overweight parent. b)a long history of yo-yo dieting. c)poor academic performance at school. d)unrealistically high standards for their own performance. Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) emotional expressions are well-organized and specific a)at birth. b)by 3 months of age. c)by the middle of the first year. d)only after the start

which of the following is a risk associated with frequent ultrasound use? 1) a)premature labor b)miscarriage c)low birth weight d)limb deformities Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) in classical conditioning, if learning occurs, the neutral stimulus alone produces a(n) a)unconditioned response. b)neutral response. c)unconditioned stimulus. d)conditioned response. Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 3) which girl is likely to reach menarche first? a)aakia,

1) according to erikson, the psychological conflict of adolescence is identity versus a)autonomy. b)role confusion. c)exploration. d)commitment. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) around age ____, iq becomes more stable than it was at earlier ages, and it correlates well with academic achievement. a)3 b)4 c)6 d)8 Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 3) kevins parents make few or no demands. they permit kevin to

1) ________ is the least developed of the newborn babys senses. a)hearing b)taste c)vision d)touch Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) the case of david reimer, the boy who was raised as a girl after a circumcision accident, demonstrates a)the impact of genetic sex and prenatal hormones on a persons sense of self as male

1) research shows that the most violent television programs are a)reality programs. b)adult medical dramas. c)childrens cartoons. d)adult legal dramas. Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) at about ____ to ____ months, reaching appears as purposeful, forward arm movements and gradually improves in accuracy. a)1; 2 b)2; 3 c)3; 4 d)4; 6 Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 3) when adults draw with children and

1) camilla, age 5, often uses an empirical approach instead of a logical approach to solve problems. after failing at a class-inclusion task at school, her teacher provided a logical explanation for solving the problem correctly. based on recent studies, camillas future performance on this task should a)improve rapidly. b)be similar to

1) when asked about her reason for wanting to date, 14-year-old kayla is most likely to say she wants to a)gain status with her peers. b)share interesting activities with someone. c)please her parents. d)find someone who would make a good permanent partner. Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) cross-cultural research shows that cosleeping a)is the norm for approximately

1) axel can step into his brothers shoes and view his own thoughts, feelings, and behavior from his brothers point of view. axel is at the stage of ________ perspective taking. a)undifferentiated b)social-informational c)self-reflective d)third-party Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) scripts a)clutter long-term memory with irrelevant information. b)help children organize, interpret, and predict everyday experiences. c)hinder memory for events

1) research demonstrates that a)girls are slightly ahead of boys in early vocabulary growth. b)shy toddlers vocabularies are typically larger than their agemates. c)mothers tend to talk more to toddler-age boys than to girls. d)boys and girls develop their vocabularies at the same rate. Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) many infant test scores are labeled ________

1) extended education, delayed career entry, and postponed marriage all result in ________ for those in emerging adulthood. a)great residential instability b)an inability to commit to long-term romantic relationships c)long-term career stability d)a great sense of security Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) which of the following is a reason the psychoanalytic perspective is no longer in

1) when roger sees a baby doll on the floor, he asks himself, do boys play with dolls? he then decides not to play with the doll. roger a)is a gender-schematic child. b)does not yet have well-developed gender schemas. c)is a gender-aschematic child. d)is not using his gender-salience filter. Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) a study of

1) compared with preschoolers, school-age children are a)physically less pliable. b)physically more elastic. c)more agile, but less able to balance. d)stronger, but less agile. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) baby pauls mother strokes his hair just before he eats. now when pauls mother strokes his hair, paul begins to suck. pauls response to the stroking illustrates a)habituation. b)recovery. c)operant

1) damon is injected with a radioactive substance and then lies on an apparatus with a scanner that emits fine streams of x-rays, which detect increased blood flow and oxygen metabolism in areas of the brain as damon processes particular stimuli. damons brain functioning is being measured using a)an electroencephalogram. b)event-related potentials. c)functional magnetic

1) the most frequent cause of school absence is a)oversleeping. b)asthma. c)the flu. d)the common cold. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b dr. staminas longitudinal study on native american personality styles was criticized because he failed to enlist participants who adequately represented the native american population. this limitation is known as 2) a)cohort effects. b)selective attrition. c)practice effects. d)biased sampling. Answer: d Answer:

1) in the united states, ________ are the most frequent source of injury across all ages, ranking as the leading cause of death among children more than 1 year old. a)birth traumas b)infectious diseases c)falls d)motor vehicle collisions Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) the idea that a grammatically complex language system seems to be unique to

1) according to the gibsons, perception is guided by the discovery of a)failure. b)success. c)dynamic relationships. d)affordances. Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d gametes 2) a)are formed during mitosis. b)contain only 23 chromosomes. c)contain 46 chromosomes. d)determine directly observable characteristics, like eye color. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b toddlers seem to discount information on video as relevant to their everyday experiences because 3)

1) during adolescence, vocabulary growth involves the addition of many a)abstract words. b)compound words. c)action words. d)modifiers. Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) ray and his girlfriend, amy, do not have similar attitudes, personalities, or political beliefs. they subscribe to the popular belief that opposites attract. which of the following is most likely to be true? a)they will

1) dr. jaster is interested in childrens dreams. he recruits students from two public schools in his community and administers the same questionnaire to several large groups. dr. jaster is using a(n) a)biased interviewing technique. b)case study method. c)structured interview. d)ethnographic approach. Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) the ability to shift attention from

1) when young children with psychosocial dwarfism are removed from their emotionally inadequate environments, a)their dwarfism is permanent, even with immediate treatment. b)they rarely exhibit catch-up growth. c)they must be given high levels of iron to prevent anemia. d)their gh levels quickly return to normal and they grow rapidly. Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) sigmund freuds

1) enriching womens diets with calcium a)can cause miscarriages in the zygotic period. b)helps prevent neural tube defects. c)eliminates the risk of osteoporosis in offspring. d)helps prevent maternal high blood pressure. Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) follow-up research indicates that by the second half of the first year, children have formed a variety of global categories,

1) oral rehydration therapy and zinc supplements a)are effective for children with severe diarrhea, but they are expensive to administer. b)must be administered by trained medical professionals or public health workers. c)save the lives of millions of children each year. d)are less effective than immunization in preventing childhood deaths due to diarrhea. Answer: c Answer: c Answer:

marcus, a cooperative, attentive child, receives more patient and sensitive interactions from his parents than they give to erica, his distractible, inattentive sister. this is an example of a(n) ____________ geneticenvironmental correlation. 1) a)passive b)evocative c)active d)dynamic Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) the overwhelming majority of young people in traditional, non-western countries a)experience a

1) which of the following is most likely to be among a childs first categories? a)waterbirds b)landbirds c)flying creatures d)birds Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d a heritability estimate of .3 for activity level would indicate that differences in __________ could explain ____ percent of the variation in activity level. 2) a)the environment; 30 b)heredity; 70 c)heredity; 30 d)the environment; 3 Answer: c Answer:

1) babies in john bowlbys _______ phase display separation anxiety. a)preattachment b)attachment in the making c)clear-cut attachment d)formation of a reciprocal relationship Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) twins jillian and wesley, 11 months old, play near each other with similar materials. however they do not try to direct each others activities. they are engaged in __________ play. a)parallel b)cooperative c)associative d)nonsocial Answer:

1) children who freely use private speech during a challenging activity are _________ than their less talkative agemates. a)more attentive b)less involved c)less likely to perform the task well d)less attentive Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) when studying for his geography test, brett groups states together by region. what memory strategy is he using? a)organization b)elaboration c)listing d)rehearsal Answer: a Answer: a Answer:

1) cohort effects occur when a)participants in longitudinal studies become test-wise. b)specific experiences influence some children but not others in the same generation. c)participants move away or drop out of a longitudinal study. d)participants in a research study have a special appreciation for the scientific value of research. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2)

1) ethan is an early-maturing boy. he is probably perceived by both adults and peers as a)unpopular. b)self-confident. c)withdrawn. d)prone to depression. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) in industrialized nations, depression a)occurs at the same rate in adolescence as it did in middle childhood. b)symptoms increase sharply between the ages of 12 and 16. c)occurs equally as often in

1) ___________ the appearance of permanent teeth in children. a)overweight and obesity accelerate b)poor dental hygiene in toddlerhood delays c)prolonged malnutrition accelerates d)excessive plaque on baby teeth delays Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) adolescents feel _____ comfortable with peers who ______________________. a)more; mature sooner than they do b)most; match their own level of biological maturity c)more; mature later than

1) in mary rothbarts model of temperament, a)distractibility and irritable distress are considered opposite ends of the same dimension. b)persistence and fearful distress are considered opposite ends of the same dimension. c)fearful distress and irritable distress distinguish between reactivity triggered by fear and reactivity due to frustration. d)the dimensions are overly broad, such as