1) because participants are measured only once in the cross-sectional design,
researchers need not be concerned about difficulties like _____________ and
____________.
a)cohort effects; practice effects
b)selective attrition; cohort effects
c)cohort effects; biased sampling
d)participant dropout; practice effects
2) when studying for a test, peter remembers the unrelated words cellular and canine by
generating the following mental image, the canine is talking on a cellular phone. which
memory strategy is peter using?
a)rehearsal
b)organization
c)elaboration
d)chunking
3) about ____ percent of u.s. boys and ____ percent of u.s. girls participate in organized
sports outside of school hours at some time between ages 5 and 18.
a)40; 27
b)50; 32
c)60; 37
d)70; 47
4) five-month-old raelle can be expected to ______________ when an object is moved
beyond her reach.
a)extend one arm rather than both
b)reduce her efforts
c)revert to prereaching
d)increase her efforts
5) ten-year-old stanley knows that his friend maryann is angry because he played with
chester at recess. the next day, stanley invites maryann to play with chester and him.
stanley is using
a)emotion-centered coping.
b)problem-centered coping.
c)learned helplessness.
d)emotional self-efficacy.
6) children who acquire effective self-regulatory skills develop a sense of
a)metacognition.
b)academic integrity.
c)academic self-efficacy.
d)false belief.
7) the first sign of puberty in boys is
a)the appearance of pubic hair.
b)the height spurt.
c)the enlargement of the testes.
d)deepening of the voice.
8) according to urie bronfenbrenner, the environment
a)is a static force.
b)is ever-changing.
c)affects children in a uniform way.
d)is less important to development than heredity.
9) color vision is adultlike by
a)birth.
b)1 month.
c)2 months.
d)4 months.
10) as young people progress through the adolescent years,
a)crowd membership becomes more important.
b)mixed-sex cliques gain importance.
c)deviant crowds lose members.
d)deviant crowds gain members.
11) dr. kirk wants to study sibling relationships at differing ages. dr. kirk has children
with one or more siblings in grades 3, 6, 9, and 12 complete his questionnaire. this is an
example of a _______________ study.
a)cross-sectional
b)longitudinal
c)microgenetic
d)sequential
12) beatrice has smoked throughout her pregnancy. now in her seventh month, beatrice
is considering quitting. you can tell her that
a)the damage was already done during the zygotic period.
b)if she quits now, she reduces the likelihood that her baby will be born underweight.
c)the damage was already done during the embryonic period.
d)quitting now will not reduce the likelihood that her baby will have colic.
13) the neonatal behavioral assessment scale (nbas)
a)evaluates reflexes, muscle tone, state changes, and responsiveness to stimuli.
b)is specially designed for use with newborns at risk for developmental problems.
c)evaluates appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration.
d)evaluates vision, touch sensitivity, hearing, and odor sensitivity.
14) in dinos preschool classroom, teachers evaluate each childs educational progress in
relation to his or her previous development, rather than on the basis of normative
standards, or average performance of same-age peers. this preschool emphasizes the
piagetian principle of
a)sensitivity to childrens readiness to learn.
b)assisted discovery.
c)discovery learning.
d)acceptance of individual differences.
15) thad, age 8, has a profile of low self-esteem in all areas. of the following statements,
which most likely applies to thad?
a)he tends to be well-liked by his classmates.
b)he suffers from anxiety or depression.
c)he relies less on social comparisons to promote his self-esteem.
d)he is a conscientious worker in his school subjects.
16) by the end of the first year, a typical childs weight has ________ since birth.
a)doubled
b)tripled
c)quadrupled
d)quintupled
17) when parents repeatedly comment on the worth of a child and his or her
performance, that child experiences
a)less shame after failure.
b)less pride after success.
c)no self-conscious emotions.
d)self-conscious emotions intensely.
18) a sharp reprimand or physical force to restrain or move a child is justified only
when
a)reasoning is ineffective.
b)the child misbehaves repeatedly.
c)immediate obedience is necessary.
d)the parent wishes to foster long-term goals.
19) prenatal maternal stress is
a)especially damaging during the first trimester.
b)related to pyloric stenosis.
c)associated with emotional, but not physical, difficulties.
d)related to neural tube defects.
20) according to piaget, during ________, children create new schemes or adjust old
ones.
a)assimilation
b)disequilibrium
c)organization
d)accommodation