1) researchers believe that brain functioning may change in middle childhood because
of
a)the rapid brain growth during that time period.
b)an overabundance of gray matter.
c)the influence of hormones.
d)the decrease in white matter in the corpus callosum.
2) research on the aka of central africa reveals that a strong fatherinfant relationship is
a)related to the strong division of male and female duties in the tribe.
b)unrelated to the amount of time fathers spend near infants and toddlers.
c)unrelated to the fathers expressions of caring and affection.
d)due in great part to an exceptionally cooperative and intimate marital relationship.
3) the american high school dropout rate is highest for ________ teenagers.
a)female
b)rural
c)african-american
d)low-ses, ethnic minority
4) teachers who emphasize learning over getting good grades tend to have
a)average to below-average achieving students.
b)more learned-helpless students.
c)mastery-oriented students.
d)students who have low motivation and achievement.
when children are not changing much, they
5) a)are in a state of disequilibrium.
b)assimilate more than they accommodate.
c)experience cognitive discomfort.
d)modify their schemes.
6) near-infrared spectroscopy
a)enables identification of general regions of stimulus-induced activity.
b)detects changes in electrical brain-wave activity in the cerebral cortex.
c)is appropriate for infants and young children, who can move within a limited range
during testing.
d)records the frequency and amplitude of brain waves in response to particular stimuli
using the eeg.
7) in infants who have experienced serious birth trauma,
a)sleep behavior is organized and patterned.
b)disturbed remnrem sleep cycles are often present.
c)nrem sleep occurs, but rem sleep does not.
d)sleepwake cycles are affected more by darknesslight than by fullnesshunger.
8) which of the following statements is true about changes in body size during the first
two years of life?
a)infants and toddlers make steady gains in growth.
b)by the end of the second year, a typical toddler is 36 inches tall.
c)by five months of age, birth weight typically has tripled.
d)an average 1-year-olds height is 75 percent greater than at birth.
9) compared to childhood friends, adolescent friends
a)know each other better as personalities.
b)compete more and cooperate less.
c)do not have to work as hard to preserve the relationship.
d)are less sensitive to one anothers needs and desires.
10) studies on new parent intervention programs demonstrate that
a)many low-income parents require tangible support to ease stress and allow them to
engage in effective caregiving.
b)counselor-led parent groups are not effective for parents who are at low risk for
problems.
c)home visits do little to boost the effectiveness of programs for high-risk parents
struggling with a child with disabilities.
d)counselor-led parent groups can ease the stress of parenting among fathers but usually
not among mothers.
11) which of the following explains the level of school involvement for many
low-income parents?
a)they tend to be unconcerned with academic matters.
b)they face daily stresses that reduce the energy they have for school involvement.
c)they purposely avoid school involvement so as not to increase the strain on their
relationships with their teenagers.
d)they already have strained relationships with school personnel and try to avoid further
conflict.
12) bryan hears the following statement: either the train is moving or it is not moving. if
bryan is in the formal operational stage, he will say that
a)he needs to see the train to determine whether the statement is true or false.
b)the statement is true.
c)the statement is false.
d)the statement is both true and false at the same time.