1) which of the following is true about the impact of peer interaction on moral
reasoning?
a)due to high rates of peer pressure, peer interaction in adolescence often interferes with
advanced moral reasoning.
b)the more time young people spend with peers, the less mature their moral reasoning.
c)interaction among peers who confront and engage each other about moral issues leads
to gains in moral reasoning.
d)throughout adolescence, peers are more influential in moral decision making than
parents.
2) in a highly plastic cerebral cortex,
a)the areas of the brain are strongly committed to specific functions, and there is a high
capacity for learning.
b)if a part of the cortex is damaged, other parts can take over the tasks it would have
handled.
c)spatial skills develop more rapidly than language skills and are easier to recover after
injury.
d)the right and left hemispheres of the brain have become strongly lateralized.
3) the heart of scientific reasoning is
a)coordinating theories with evidence.
b)designing experiments.
c)developing hypotheses.
d)conducting statistical analyses of data.
4) a combined apgar score of ____ or better indicates that an infant is in good physical
condition.
a)4
b)5
c)6
d)7
5) kyras muscles are adapting to her enlarging skeleton. as a result, she will probably
a)experience a brief period of enhanced physical coordination.
b)display unusual physical dexterity of movement.
c)notice a slight decrease in muscular strength.
d)experience nighttime growing pains.
6) ________________ helps explain the long hours adolescents spend inspecting every
detail of their appearance and why they are so sensitive to public criticism.
a)egocentrism
b)concrete thinking
c)the imaginary audience
d)metacognition
7) prim has classically conditioned young rue to suck when prim touches rues stomach
during feeding. if prim repeatedly touches rues stomach without feeding her, rue will
a)gradually stop sucking in response to having her stomach touched.
b)learn to suck without having her stomach touched.
c)stop eating until prim touches her stomach and feeds her again.
d)increase her level of sucking in response to having her stomach touched.
8) the newborns capacity to imitate
a)has primarily been observed in western cultures.
b)disappears by two weeks of age.
c)has been demonstrated in many ethnic groups and cultures.
d)is limited to tongue protrusions.
9) annika, an emerging adult, lives with her overprotective mother. annikas mother calls
her employer when she has to be absent from work and helps her complete her
community college homework. annika probably
a)feels connected and secure.
b)has high self-esteem.
c)is poorly adjusted.
d)is identity achieved.
10) which of the following statements accurately reflects the change in self-description
that typically occurs between ages 8 and 11?
a)children tend to describe themselves by focusing on specific behaviors.
b)children will describe positive, but not negative, personality traits.
c)children organize their observations of behaviors and internal states into general
descriptions.
d)children are likely to describe themselves in unrealistically extreme ways.
11) cross-cultural research suggests that
a)compared to non-western societies, comprehension of conservation in western
societies is greatly delayed.
b)among the hausa of nigeria, the most basic conservation tasks, such as number and
length, are understood as early as age 4.
c)taking part in everyday activities helps children master conservation and other
piagetian problems.
d)hausa and american children attain conservation at about the same age.
12) within the standardization sample for an iq test, performances at each age level
a)are distributed equally among all scores.
b)cluster around the extreme scores.
c)form a normal distribution.
d)infrequently fall around the mean.
13) most newborns show greater activation in the left hemisphere while
a)displaying a positive state of arousal.
b)listening to nonspeech sounds.
c)drinking a sour-tasting fluid.
d)feeling distress.
14) _________________ lead(s) adolescents to think more about themselves.
a)overly permissive child rearing and a lack of structure
b)the ability to reflect on their thoughts, combined with physical and psychological
changes,
c)individualistic values and a disregard for others feelings
d)selfishness and poor problem-solving skills
15) which of the following is a common criticism of vygotskys theory?
a)it underemphasizes the role of verbal communication.
b)it overemphasizes the development of basic cognitive processes.
c)it places too much emphasis on how elementary capacities spark changes in childrens
social experiences.
d)it says too little about how basic cognitive skills contribute to socially transmitted
higher cognitive processes.
16) during medieval times,
a)children dressed and acted like adults.
b)childhood was regarded as a separate period of life.
c)a child was viewed as a tabula rasa.
d)childhood was not regarded as a distinct developmental period.
17) which of the following adolescents are at greatest risk for academic and emotional
difficulties after a school transition? those who
a)move from a large elementary school to a small junior high school.
b)were good students in elementary school.
c)attend a single-sex school.
d)have to cope with added life strains, such as family disruption or poverty.