1) according to erikson, the psychological conflict of the preschool years is
a)trust versus mistrust.
b)industry versus inferiority.
c)initiative versus guilt.
d)autonomy versus shame.
2) ________ help(s) doctors measure skeletal age.
a)growth norms
b)x-rays of epiphyses
c)height and weight
d)chronological age
3) which of the following children is the most likely to have a sense of industry?
a)rona, who has an overly high self-concept
b)jackson, who gets along with older children, but does not cooperate with agemates
c)boulous, who has a positive but realistic self-concept
d)shanna, who has little confidence in her abilities
4) which of the following is most likely true about 8-year-old aja?
a)she has a lot of friends of varying ages.
b)she has a few good friends, who do not resemble her in personality.
c)she has only a handful of good friends, who, like aja, are popular and do well in
school.
d)she has a lot of friends of diverse ethnic and ses groups.
5) a person in piagets formal operational stage
a)can come up with general logical rules through internal reflection.
b)is able to use inductive reasoning for the first time.
c)can only operate on reality.
d)has just learned that hypotheses must be confirmed by appropriate evidence.
6) boys typically respond to spermarche with
a)fear.
b)mixed feelings.
c)depression.
d)joy.
7) the most powerful evidence on the role of heredity in iq involves
a)adoption studies.
b)dna testing.
c)twin comparisons.
d)nontwin comparisons.
8) both piagets theory and the information-processing perspective
a)regard children as active beings who modify their own thinking in response to
environmental demands.
b)focus on the development of imagination and creativity.
c)regard perception, memory, and problem solving as similar at all ages.
d)emphasize the importance of equilibration in producing higher levels of thinking.
9) one benefit of ________ is that they provide a supportive context for boys and girls
to get to know one another and offer models for how to interact with the other sex
without having to be intimate.
a)same-sex cliques
b)mixed-sex cliques
c)crowds
d)groups
10) compared to their elementary school teachers, students say junior high teachers
a)care less about them.
b)are more friendly.
c)care more about them.
d)grade more fairly.
11) asian parents and teachers are more likely than their american counterparts to
a)hold a fixed view of ability.
b)attend more to success than to failure.
c)ignore a childs inadequate performance.
d)hold an incremental view of ability.