1) the most widely discussed threat to the accuracy of longitudinal findings is
a)practice effects.
b)cohort effects.
c)selective attrition.
d)biased sampling.
2) at a parentteacher conference, mr. hopewell informed juans parents that he had been
tested and was found to be a highly creative child. the test probably focused on
a)convergent thinking.
b)divergent thinking.
c)fluid intelligence.
d)spontaneous generation.
3) which of the following is true about changes in running, jumping, and gait variations
during middle childhood?
a)skipping ability, present in early childhood, decreases.
b)sideways stepping appears around age 9 and becomes more fluid with age.
c)running speed increases from 12 feet per second at age 6 to over 18 feet per second at
age 12.
d)the average 8-year-old cannot accurately jump and hop from square to square.
4) outcomes for sons are better when the
a)mother is the sole custodian.
b)parents equally split parenting time.
c)father has no visitation.
d)father is the custodial parent.
5) the rate of cesarean delivery is
a)substantially higher in induced than spontaneous labors.
b)lower today than it was forty years ago.
c)currently about 10 percent in the united states.
d)lower in the united states than in other industrialized countries.
6) preschoolers self-concepts largely consist of
a)talents.
b)personality traits.
c)observable characteristics.
d)temperamental qualities.
7) even preschoolers with good language skills recall poorly because they are not
skilled at using
a)memory strategies.
b)episodic memory.
c)autobiographical memory.
d)scripts.
8) of the following, which is supported by research on injury prevention?
a)american parents seem willing to ignore familiar safety practices, perhaps because
they value individual rights and personal freedom.
b)parents rarely rely on childrens knowledge of safety rules, rather than monitoring and
controlling access to hazards.
c)older preschoolers spontaneously recall about 85 percent of the safety rules their
parents teach them.
d)compared to other forms of child rearing, authoritarian parenting is linked to low
overall rates of childhood injury.
9) pax suffers from malnutrition. which of the following statements is probably correct?
a)pax will be nonresponsive to stressful situations.
b)pax will respond with greater fear to stressful situations.
c)pax will exhibit normal motor skills, but altered psychological functioning.
d)pax will display normal psychological functioning, but delayed motor functioning.
10) once habituation occurs, ________ causes responsiveness to return to a high level.
a)imitation
b)recovery
c)extinction
d)punishment
11) the most recent revision of albert banduras theory places such a strong emphasis on
how children think about themselves and other people that he calls it a(n)
_________________ rather than a(n) ___________________ approach.
a)observational learning; social-cognitive
b)social-cognitive; social learning
c)social learning; cognitive
d)social learning; observational learning
12) school-age children sometimes believe that sharing a coke causes aids because they
a)lack the cognitive skills necessary for understanding biological causes of disease.
b)think diseases are punishment for doing something bad.
c)view illnesses in superstitious ways.
d)generalize their knowledge of familiar diseases to unfamiliar ones.
13) the most frequently occurring form of down syndrome results from
a)an extra broken piece of a twenty-first chromosome attaching to another
chromosome.
b)an error during the early stages of mitosis.
c)a failure of the twenty-first pair of chromosomes to separate during meiosis.
d)the inheritance of an extra x chromosome.
14) yolanda has developed an intense, unmanageable fear of the dark. yolanda has a(n)
a)anxiety disorder.
b)social disorder.
c)phobia.
d)typical childhood fear.
15) a child in the concrete operational stage will have the most trouble with which of
the following?
a)abstract ideas
b)concrete information
c)information she can perceive directly
d)dual representation
16) what types of moral dilemmas do people face in real life, and how do they resolve
them? how does this compare to their approach to hypothetical problems like kohlbergs
heinz dilemma?
17) amelia, age 4, has an intense fear of the dark. her parents question her and
determine that amelia is very afraid of monsters and ghosts. what advice can you give
amelias parents to help her manage her fears?
18) define and describe recognition and recall. discuss the development of recall
memory.
19) principal jaster wants to reduce drug experimentation among his high school
students. describe the components of an effective drug prevention program.
20) describe the secular trends in physical growth over the past 150 years, including
factors that may be responsible for changing trends.
21) ashley has just graduated from sixth grade; in the fall, she will be starting junior
high school. based on what you have learned about the impact of school transitions,
what can you predict about ashleys adjustment at her new school? suggest ways to
minimize the stress of these changes.
22) mr. and mrs. harken are looking for a developmentally appropriate early childhood
program for their son max. describe for the harkens what they should look for in terms
of physical setting, caregiverchild ratio, teacher qualifications, and daily activities.
23) discuss blended families and describe some support options available to them.
24) explain why inferences about cause and effect can be made in experiments but not
in correlational studies.