1) camilla, age 5, often uses an empirical approach instead of a logical approach to
solve problems. after failing at a class-inclusion task at school, her teacher provided a
logical explanation for solving the problem correctly. based on recent studies, camillas
future performance on this task should
a)improve rapidly.
b)be similar to that of an 8-year-old child.
c)decrease slightly.
d)remain the same.
2) as long as negative environmental influences such as poor nutrition or illness are not
severe,
a)children and adolescents typically show catch-up growth once conditions improve.
b)adopted children typically reach a height closer to their adoptive than biological parents
heights.
c)body weight is influenced by eating habits rather than heredity.
d)height and rate of physical growth are largely determined by the environment.
3) evidence that there is a sensitive period for language development has been
interpreted as supporting
a)skinners account of language acquisition.
b)the sociocultural perspective of language acquisition.
c)chomskys account of language acquisition.
d)an interactionists account of language acquisition.
4) six-year-old hector is about to start formal schooling. hectors family life has not
prepared him for school life. according to erikson, hector is in danger of developing a
sense of
a)shame.
b)isolation.
c)mistrust.
d)inadequacy.
5) according to core knowledge theorists,
a)each prewired core domain of thought permits a ready grasp of new, related
information and, therefore, supports early, rapid development.
b)infants make sense of the complex stimulation around them by repeating chance
behaviors again and again.
c)infants are endowed with very little innate understanding and must rely on their
interactions with the environment to construct knowledge.
d)infants are not born with knowledge of concepts or reasoning because such
ready-made knowledge would limit their ability to adapt to environmental changes.
6) according to andrew meltzoff, newborns imitate
a)more at 2 to 3 months old than just after birth.
b)more often for their mothers than for their fathers.
c)random movements and facial expressions.
d)much as older children and adults do.
7) nicole is in high school. which of the following people is especially likely to help her
foster high career aspirations?
a)her high school principal
b)her friends
c)people at her after-school job
d)her high school teachers
8) research suggests that the best time to begin toilet training is when infants
a)can walk without assistance.
b)are around 18 months of age.
c)are around 27 months of age.
d)have turned 3 years old.
9) according to erikson, resolution of the adolescent psychological conflict requires
a)successful outcomes at earlier stages.
b)an above-average iq.
c)a variety of sexual partners.
d)permissive parenting.
10) body size
a)is determined exclusively by heredity.
b)sometimes reflects evolutionary adaptations to a particular climate.
c)is primarily determined by environmental factors.
d)tends to be larger in developing countries.
11) which of the following is true about attachment and later development?
a)a child whose parental caregiving improves can bounce back from adversity.
b)a child who experiences a secure attachment in infancy maintains that style,
regardless of caregiving.
c)by the end of early childhood, nearly 90 percent of u.s. children are securely attached
to a caregiver.
d)an insecure attachment in infancy almost always leads to severe behavior problems in
childhood.
12) which of the following is true about crossing over?
a)it results in a new cell called a zygote.
b)it creates new hereditary combinations.
c)it increases the probability that nontwin siblings will be genetically identical.
d)it decreases the chances that some members of a species will survive ever-changing
environments.
13) jacob and sarah are asked to rate the status of traditionally masculine and
traditionally feminine occupations. which of the following is most likely to be true?
a)both jacob and sarah will rate traditionally masculine occupations as having a higher
status than traditionally feminine occupations.
b)jacob will rate traditionally masculine occupations as having a higher status than
traditionally feminine occupations, and sarah will do the opposite.
c)both jacob and sarah will rate traditionally feminine occupations as having a higher
status than traditionally masculine occupations.
d)jacob will rate traditionally feminine occupations as having a higher status than
traditionally masculine occupations, and sarah will do the opposite.