1) baby calinda sucks on a bottle. the taste of the sweet liquid increases calindas
sucking. this is an example of
a)operant conditioning.
b)habituation.
c)classical conditioning.
d)extinction.
2) mrs. markie, a first-grade teacher, believes that, from the beginning, children should
be exposed to text in its complete form so that they can appreciate the communicative
function of written language. mrs. markie takes a ___________ approach to teaching
reading.
a)whole-language
b)phonics
c)reciprocal
d)hierarchical
3) a study of children who had spent their first eight months or more in romanian
institutions before being adopted into canadian homes found that
a)the longer the children spent in orphanage care, the higher their cortisol levelseven 6
years after adoption.
b)the children had abnormally high levels of oxytocin in their blood, regardless of when
they were adopted.
c)children who experienced adequate early nutrition were not negatively affected by early
orphanage rearing.
d)depression only appeared in those children who spent more than 2 years in an orphanage.
4) ________ -maturing caucasian girls tend to report a ______ positive body image
than other girls.
a)early; more
b)late; less
c)early; less
d)on-time; less
5) children everywhere seem to realize that _________ must prevail when _________
is/are at stake.
a)higher principles; personal rights
b)deference to authority; personal welfare
c)respect for adults; personal matters
d)rules; collective rights
6) recall memory
a)is not as challenging as recognition memory.
b)is the simplest form of memory.
c)involves remembering a stimulus with perceptual support.
d)improves steadily with age.
7) compared to school-age children, adolescents place more emphasis on ________ in
their self-descriptions.
a)physical appearance
b)favorite activities
c)social virtues
d)school performance
8) two-year-old greta pretends to bake a cake. greta is demonstrating
a)object permanence.
b)core knowledge.
c)abstract thinking.
d)mental representation.
9) which of the following is true about charles darwins contribution to developmental
theories?
a)he proved that the development of the human child followed the same general plan as
the evolution of the human species.
b)scientific child study was born out of his first attempts to document an idea about
development.
c)he launched the normative approach, in which measures of behavior are taken on
large numbers of individuals and age-related averages are computed to represent typical
development.
d)he proved that human development is a genetically determined process that unfolds
automatically, much like a flower.
10) thad is sensitive to the sounds, rhythms, and meaning of words. according to
gardners theory of multiple intelligences, thad should consider which of the following
careers?
a)therapist
b)navigator
c)composer
d)journalist
11) heather is lining up crayons in order from shortest to longest. this skill is known as
a)continuum of acquisition.
b)centration.
c)conservation of length.
d)seriation.
12) dr. schulz is conducting a study of the degree to which children feel comfortable
with their gender assignment. dr. schulz is examining gender
a)typicality.
b)contentedness.
c)roles.
d)stereotypes.
13) adoption studies consistently reveal that
a)about three-quarters of the differences in iq among children can be traced to their
genetic makeup.
b)when young children are adopted into stimulating homes, their iqs rise substantially.
c)adopted children from low-iq biological mothers score below average on iq tests
during the school years.
d)adopted children score, on average, 15 to 20 points lower in iq than their nonadopted
agemates.
14) three-year-old stacy pretends to make a grocery list while in the car on the way to
the grocery store. this activity reflects stacys
a)emergent literacy.
b)animistic thinking.
c)private speech.
d)phonological awareness.
15) according to kuhn, young children faced with the sports ball problem
a)are skilled at coordinating theory with evidence but fail to apply strategies
consistently.
b)use logical rules to examine the relationship between multiple variables.
c)often reason much like adolescents and young adults.
d)often ignore conflicting evidence or distort it in ways consistent with their own
theories.
16) the first outward sign of puberty is
a)menarche.
b)spermarche.
c)the growth spurt.
d)the cephalocaudal trend.
17) which of the following statements is true about appetite in early childhood?
a)preschoolers appetites increase because their growth is at an all-time high.
b)parents should be concerned if their preschooler varies the amount eaten from meal to
meal.
c)preschoolers wariness of new foods is normal and adaptive.
d)because preschoolers have smaller appetites, they need a different quality of food
than adults need.
18) research on child maltreatment shows that
a)premature babies and children are rarely targets of abuse.
b)abuse depends more strongly on child factors than on parents characteristics.
c)maltreating parents suffer from biased thinking about their child.
d)abusive parents respond to stressful situations with low emotional arousal.