the stage concept assumes that
1) a)development is a smooth, continuous process.
b)change is fairly sudden rather than gradual and ongoing.
c)infants and preschoolers respond to the world in much the same way as adults do.
d)development is a process of gradually adding more of the same types of skills that were
there to begin with.
2) which of the following statements is true about stimulation of neurons?
a)neurons that are stimulated return to an uncommitted state so they can support future
development.
b)appropriate stimulation of the brain is vital during periods in which synaptic pruning is
at its peak.
c)an early overabundance of synapses ensures that infants will acquire motor, cognitive,
and social skills.
d)overstimulation of synapses leads to synaptic pruning during childhood and adolescence.
3) the personal fable contributes to
a)risk taking.
b)disengagement from others.
c)poor schoolwork.
d)peer conformity.
4) the cortical regions with the most extended period of development are the ________
lobes.
a)occipital
b)frontal
c)temporal
d)parietal
5) which of the following is true about adolescent crowds?
a)they promote intimate interaction with the other sex.
b)they grant adolescents an identity within the larger social structure of the school.
c)they encourage delinquency and antisocial behavior.
d)they have little impact, either positive or negative, on social development.
6) compared to childhood, adolescent sibling relationships
a)become more intense.
b)become less intense.
c)are characterized by greater competition.
d)become hostile and quarrelsome.
7) which of the following athletes is especially likely to continue her activity into
adulthood?
a)ellen, a softball player
b)gerda, a volleyball player
c)justine, a basketball player
d)alena, a cross-country runner
8) which of the following is true about emerging adulthood?
a)it is primarily found in low-ses ethnic minority groups.
b)emerging adults are actually adolescents who take on adult responsibilities.
c)most parents of emerging adults view their children as not yet fully adult.
d)adult milestones are highly consistent in time and order across individuals.
9) research on childbearing reveals that
a)fertility problems do not increase for men between ages 25 and 45.
b)fertility problems among women do not show any increase until age 40.
c)reproductive technologies are equally successful among younger and older parents.
d)a 45-year-old man is less fertile than a 25-year-old man.
10) the relationship between social support, positive pregnancy outcomes, and
subsequent child development is
a)strongest for affluent women.
b)moderate for minority women.
c)particularly strong for low-income women.
d)strongest for middle-income women.
one of the most frequently occurring recessive disorders is
11) a)phenylketonuria.
b)huntington disease.
c)marfan syndrome.
d)down syndrome.
12) the iq gap between middle-ses and low-ses american children is about _____ points.
a)3
b)6
c)9
d)12
grace, a musically talented youngster, joins the school orchestra and practices her violin.
this is an example of a(n) ____________ geneticenvironmental correlation.
13) a)passive
b)evocative
c)active
d)dynamic
14) which of the following statements about formal religious involvement during
adolescence is true?
a)formal religious involvement declines during adolescence.
b)formal religious involvement increases during adolescence.
c)nearly 70 percent of u.s. adolescents attend church on a weekly basis.
d)many young people change religious denominations during high school or college.
15) our reflections on how we arrived at facts, beliefs, and ideas are called
a)dualistic thinking.
b)cognitive dissonance.
c)relativistic thinking.
d)epistemic cognition.
16) baby wanda uses __________ to learn that dropping her heavy plastic dish on the
hardwood flood will cause a loud, banging sound.
a)depth perception
b)intermodal perception
c)differentiation theory
d)affordances
when mothers are upright during labor, they are
17) a)more likely to have a longer labor.
b)likely to need an episiotomy.
c)less likely to use pain-relieving medication.
d)more likely to deliver a breech baby.
18) which of the following is an accurate statement about the convention on the rights
of the child?
a)the united states was one of the first countries in the world whose legislature ratified
it.
b)opponents maintain that the conventions provisions would shift the burden of child
rearing from the state to the family.
c)although it includes the rights to freedom of thought and freedom of religion, it does
not include the right to a free compulsory education.
d)the united states is one of only two countries in the world whose legislature has not
yet ratified it.
19) the _________ plays a critical role in the rate of physical growth.
a)pituitary gland
b)hippocampus
c)reticular formation
d)corpus callosum