1) nearly 30 percent of adolescent mothers
a)receive inadequate prenatal care.
b)give birth at home.
c)give up their babies for adoption.
d)develop preclampsia in the third trimester.
2) ________ is linked to delayed initiation of sexual activity and to reduced teenage
pregnancy.
a)abstinence-based sex education
b)even limited sex education
c)early pubertal development
d)school involvement
3) research on the role of heredity in temperament indicates that
a)heritability estimates derived from twin studies suggest a major role for genetic
factors in temperament and personality.
b)identical twins are more similar than fraternal twins across a wide range of
temperamental traits and personality measures.
c)only 5 to 10 percent of individual differences in temperament have been attributed to
differences in genetic makeup.
d)heritability estimates are much higher for expressions of positive emotion than for
negative emotion.
4) johann, a low-achieving student, is placed in a mixed-ability group. research shows
that johann will
a)be intimidated by the higher achievers.
b)benefit socially and intellectually from the mixed grouping.
c)stifle the achievement of the higher achievers.
d)feel that he is superior to the higher achievers.
5) valerie, 2-months pregnant, wonders how food and oxygen are delivered to the
developing organism. you should tell valerie that the ___________ performs this
function.
a)chorion
b)amnion
c)placenta
d)neural tube
6) the overall stability of temperament is
a)high in infancy.
b)low from the preschool years on.
c)low in infancy and toddlerhood.
d)high from the preschool years on.
7) out of all age groups, adolescents have the highest rate of
a)criminal behavior.
b)sexually transmitted diseases.
c)asthma and severe seasonal allergies.
d)sexual experimentation.
8) between the seventh and the ninth days after fertilization, _________ occurs.
a)the period of the embryo
b)the period of the fetus
c)implantation
d)cell duplication
9) in the information-processing system, information first enters
a)working memory.
b)the central executive.
c)long-term memory.
d)the sensory register.
10) gains in ________ and ________ are responsible for the extraordinary gain in
overall size of the brain during the first 2 years.
a)neurons; synapses
b)neural fibers; myelination
c)glial cells; synapses
d)muscle; fat
11) according to the gibsons differentiation theory, infants actively search for ________
of the environment in a constantly changing perceptual world.
a)novel features
b)detailed associations
c)variations in patterns
d)invariant features
when john watson taught albert, an 11-month-old infant, to fear a neutral stimulus by
presenting it several times with a sharp, loud sound, watson applied ________________ to
childrens behavior.
12) a)innate reflexes
b)observational learning
c)classical conditioning
d)operant conditioning
13) trevor just experienced spermarche. which of the following is likely to be true?
a)trevor did not know about ejaculation ahead of time.
b)trevor obtained information about ejaculation from reading material or websites.
c)trevors first ejaculation was later than he expected.
d)trevor will eventually tell a friend that he experienced spermarche.
during transition, the
14) a)baby is forced down and out of the birth canal.
b)placenta is delivered.
c)cervix opens completely.
d)cervix begins to dilate and efface.
15) make-believe ________ as children realize that agents and recipients of pretend
actions can be independent of themselves.
a)attaches to the real-life conditions associated with it
b)becomes less self-centered
c)includes less complex combinations of schemes
d)becomes more self-directed
16) six-year-old bella sometimes produces strategies, but not consistently. bella has a(n)
_______ deficiency.
a)production
b)control
c)utilization
d)organization
17) which of the following motor skills is believed to play the greatest role in infant
cognitive development?
a)crawling
b)reaching
c)rolling from back to side
d)walking