1) axel can step into his brothers shoes and view his own thoughts, feelings, and
behavior from his brothers point of view. axel is at the stage of ________ perspective
taking.
a)undifferentiated
b)social-informational
c)self-reflective
d)third-party
2) scripts
a)clutter long-term memory with irrelevant information.
b)help children organize, interpret, and predict everyday experiences.
c)hinder memory for events that are highly distinctive.
d)facilitate recall of specific instances of repeated experiences.
3) compared to non-immigrant parents, immigrant parents
a)usually grant their adolescents more freedom.
b)engage in harsher, more coercive parenting.
c)react more strongly to adolescent disagreements.
d)actively discourage other-sex friendships.
4) the percentage of north american adolescents completing high school has risen to just
over ____ percent.
a)39
b)54
c)90
d)98
5) for most children, self-esteem rises from ______ on.
a)preschool
b)second grade
c)fourth grade
d)sixth grade
6) extended-family living is associated with
a)more positive motherchild interaction during the preschool years.
b)increased antisocial behavior in adolescents.
c)decreased self-reliance in adolescents.
d)lower rates of adolescent pregnancy and parenthood.
7) which of the following motor skills typically develops the latest?
a)building a tower of two cubes
b)scribbling vigorously
c)walking on tiptoe
d)jumping in place
8) which child of war, who is separated from her parents, is likely to experience the
most emotional stress?
a)gasira, who lives with her grandparents
b)sentwali, who lives in a shelter
c)amira, who lives with a neighboring family
d)farrah, who lives with her older sister
9) vygotskys theory has been especially influential in the study of childrens
a)physical growth.
b)cognition.
c)emotional development.
d)gender identity.
10) heritability estimates
a)give precise information on how personality traits develop.
b)are likely to diminish the role of heredity because the environments of twin pairs are
less diverse.
c)tell researchers how environment can modify genetic influences.
d)are controversial measures because they can easily be misapplied.
11) children with adhd
a)tend to score higher than other children on intelligence tests.
b)are often asymptomatic before age 7.
c)find it hard to ignore irrelevant stimuli.
d)have no difficulty with planning or reasoning.
12) which of the following is a true statement about preventing childhood injury?
a)during the past 30 years, parents have changed a great deal in the amount they do to
protect their children from injury.
b)in the united states, more than 80 percent of infant seats and 40 percent of child
booster seats are improperly used.
c)in the united states, about 15 percent of parents fail to place their children in car
safety seats.
d)young children properly restrained in car safety seats have a 50 percent reduced risk
of fatal injury.
13) mr. klakkit provides his fourth-graders with lessons that emphasize respect and
caring for others and resistance to unfavorable peer pressure. mr. klakkit is trying to
improve his students _________ intelligence.
a)spatial
b)intrapersonal
c)emotional
d)linguistic
14) continuous fetal monitoring
a)measures the babys blood oxygen levels during labor.
b)is required in most u.s. hospitals and used in over 80 percent of u.s. births.
c)is linked to a decreased rate of cesarean deliveries.
d)reduces the rate of infant brain damage and death in all pregnancies.
15) according to piaget, intentional, or goal-directed, behavior first occurs in substage
____ of the sensorimotor period.
a)1
b)2
c)3
d)4
16) noras teacher thinks she has a behavior problem. as a result, nora starts to believe
that she is a troublemaker and begins to act out in the classroom. this is an example of
a(n)
a)educational self-fulfilling prophecy.
b)stereotype threat.
c)collaborative identification.
d)educational bias.
17) one reason that adolescents and adults do not always engage in formal operational
thinking is that they
a)lack educational experiences that foster abstract reasoning.
b)may be capable of it, but fall back on less demanding intuitive judgments.
c)lack the motivation for higher-level thinking and problem solving.
d)prefer to make trial-and-error judgments.
18) in the strange situation, antwan ignores his mother and displays and odd, frozen
posture. he does not cry when his mother leaves the room. when she returns, antwan
looks away when she is holding him. antwan is displaying characteristics of ________
attachment.
a)avoidant
b)secure
c)disorganized/disoriented
d)resistant
19) in tools of the minda preschool curriculum inspired by vygotskys
theory__________ is woven into virtually all classroom activities.
a)discovery learning
b)independent exploration
c)scaffolding of attention skills
d)overlapping-waves theory
20) ___________ plays a role in whether empathy prompts sympathetic, prosocial
behavior or a personally distressed, self-focused response.
a)effortful control
b)emotional masking
c)temperament
d)birth order