1) which of the following is more likely to be seen in a vygotskian, than a piagetian,
classroom?
a)activities to foster peer collaboration
b)acceptance of individual differences
c)opportunities for active participation
d)experiences to promote independent exploration
2) which of the following is a limitation of vygotskys sociocultural theory?
a)it neglects the biological side of development.
b)it overemphasizes the biological side of development.
c)it overemphasizes childrens capacity to shape their own development.
d)it places little emphasis on joint experiences.
3) in the violation-of-expectation method, researchers use _________ to familiarize
babies with a situation in which their knowledge will be tested.
a)reflexes
b)imitation
c)habituation
d)experimentation
4) which of the following is true about identity development in emerging adulthood?
a)young people usually explore in depth, but not in breadth.
b)young people usually explore in breadth, but not in depth.
c)young people usually explore possibilities in breadth and then in depth.
d)most college students make commitments, but fail to evaluate them.
5) when children of the same age are tested, the greatest impact on transitive inference
skills comes from
a)schooling.
b)age.
c)gender.
d)ethnicity.
6) sophias parents will not allow her to eat any sugary foods. this practice usually
a)prompts children to eat more healthy foods.
b)has no effect on childrens eating behavior.
c)focuses childrens attention on sugary foods.
d)decreases childrens desire to eat sugary foods.
7) alexia was born with cataracts in both eyes. what can you tell her parents about when
she should have corrective surgery?
a)alexia should wait to have corrective surgery until adulthood when her eyes are fully
mature.
b)alexia should not have corrective surgery during the first six months of life because her
vision would be severely and permanently impaired.
c)the longer cataract surgery is postponed beyond infancy, the less complete alexias
recovery in visual skills.
d)alexia should wait until later in childhood to have corrective surgery because there are
no sensitive periods in visual development.
8) on the average, girls reach puberty ________ boys.
a)slightly earlier than
b)two years earlier than
c)at the same time as
d)slightly later than
9) kai has achieved his full adult appearance and anticipates assumption of adult roles.
kai is in which phase of adolescence?
a)early adolescence
b)middle adolescence
c)late adolescence
d)emerging adulthood
10) research into the development of formal operational tasks among peasants in tribal
and village societies found that
a)formal operational thought occurs more often in women than men.
b)they often reason at a much higher level than young people in industrialized nations.
c)people can be capable of formal operational thought even if they rarely display it in
everyday life.
d)they are incapable of mastering formal operational tasks.
11) it is likely that norwegian males and females score similarly on complex reasoning
about care issues because
a)civic engagement is required for graduation in all norwegian high schools.
b)norwegian culture induces boys and men to think deeply about interpersonal
obligations.
c)norwegian females are less concerned with the ethic of care than females from other
cultures.
d)most public schools incorporate a moral curriculum beginning in the elementary
years.
12) teenage alcohol and drug use rates in the united states have _______ since the
mid-1990s.
a)risen sharply
b)slowly increased
c)slowly decreased
d)substantially declined
13) in response to the heinz dilemma, oliver explains, heinz shouldnt steal the drug
because its his duty as a citizen to obey the law. if everyone started breaking the law,
thered be no civilization! oliver is in which of kohlbergs stages?
a)punishment and obedience orientation
b)instrumental purpose orientation
c)good boy-good girl orientation
d)social-order-maintaining orientation
14) kohlbergs moral stages correspond to
a)selmans perspective-taking stages.
b)eriksons psychosocial theory.
c)freuds psychosexual stages.
d)vygotskys sociocultural theory.