1) children who are expert in an area
a)are highly motivated.
b)acquire knowledge slowly, but accurately.
c)have difficulty making sense of information that is outside their area of expertise.
d)have difficulty organizing information.
2) five- and 6-year-olds
a)engage in true skipping.
b)throw and catch with a rigid upper body.
c)draw people using a tadpole image.
d)catch a ball against their chest.
3) dynamic systems theorists emphasize that
a)children are driven mainly by instincts and unconscious motives.
b)different skills vary in maturity within the same child.
c)sensitive periods are key to understanding development.
d)development can be best understood in terms of its adaptive value.
4) the nucleus of a cell contains
a)karotypes.
b)chromosomes.
c)genotypes.
d)phenotypes.
5) which of the following statements is true about categorization?
a)even young infants can categorize on the basis of shape, size, and other physical
properties.
b)as infants approach their second birthday, more categories appear to be based on
subtle sets of features.
c)older infants cannot make categorical distinctions when the perceptual contract
between two categories is minimal.
d)not until the early preschool years can children sort people and their voices by gender
and age.
6) as many as _____ percent of zygotes do not survive the first two weeks.
a)20
b)30
c)40
d)50
7) joey and rachel are approaching adolescence. at this time, they are likely to grow out
of their _____ more quickly than their ______.
a)hats; shoes
b)jeans; jackets
c)shirts; jeans
d)jackets; shoes
8) when 8-year-old marcie accidentally spills orange juice and has a stain on her t-shirt
for the rest of the day, she is likely to feel
a)sad.
b)angry.
c)guilty.
d)ashamed.
9) during early childhood, boys ________ than girls.
a)are less muscular
b)are slightly larger
c)have more body fat
d)are much heavier
10) from middle childhood on, individual differences in self-esteem become
a)less well-defined.
b)increasingly stable.
c)more flexible.
d)less important.
11) research indicates that ________ relationship exists between stressful life
experiences and psychological disturbance in childhood.
a)a very strong
b)only a modest
c)a very weak
d)no
12) handedness
a)reflects the greater capacity of one side of the brain to carry out skilled motor action.
b)is evident in a wide range of skills from birth.
c)is a heritable trait, especially for left-handed people.
d)is strongest for simple, rather than complex, skills.
13) childhood injuries
a)are typically accidental and usually cannot be prevented.
b)occur within a complex ecological system and can often be prevented.
c)rank second only to cancer as a cause of childhood mortality in industrialized nations.
d)are less common in the united states than in other industrialized nations.
14) maribeth views all knowledge as embedded in a framework of thought. she believes
that each person, in arriving at a position, creates her own truth. maribeth uses
a)dualistic thinking.
b)cognitive dissonance.
c)relativistic thinking.
d)epistemic cognition.
15) in regions with widespread poverty, famine, and disease, a secular _________ has
occurred.
a)increase in height
b)increase in weight
c)increase in obesity
d)decrease in body size
16) parents
a)often underestimate their childs safety knowledge.
b)often underestimate their childs physical abilities.
c)have little influence on childrens safety knowledge.
d)must be educated about childrens age-related safety capabilities.
17) self-reports that measure social prominence assess
a)peer acceptance.
b)peer culture.
c)gender typing.
d)friendships.
18) which of the following statements is true about the effectiveness of the nursefamily
partnership?
a)the benefits of the intervention were greater for children from high-ses families than
for children from low-ses families.
b)trained paraprofessionals were more effective than professional nurses in preventing
delayed mental development.
c)as kindergartners, children in the program scored higher in language, but lower in
intelligence than comparison children.
d)at both ages 6 and 9, children of home-visited mothers in the poorest mental health
during pregnancy exceeded comparison children in academic achievement.