1) basic emotions
a)are not evident in nonhuman primates.
b)are all present at birth.
c)have no evolutionary history of promoting survival.
d)are universal in humans.
2) the _________ is sensitive to facial emotional expressions, especially fear.
a)reticular formation
b)amygdala
c)hippocampus
d)corpus callosum
3) birth weight is the best available predictor of
a)childhood obesity.
b)adolescent anorexia.
c)myopia.
d)infant survival.
4) __________ parenting is correlated with unrealistically high self-esteem, which
undermines development.
a)indulgent
b)authoritarian
c)authoritative
d)uninvolved
5) chinara is an early-maturing girl. she is most likely to be perceived as _______ by
her peers.
a)popular
b)withdrawn
c)independent
d)relaxed
6) maurice and samson occasionally wrestle, roll, hit, and run after one another,
alternating roles while smiling and laughing. maurice and samson are engaged in _____
play.
a)rough-and-tumble
b)parallel
c)nonsocial
d)constructive
7) the fact that children ________ provides evidence that freuds account of conscience
development is inaccurate.
a)whose parents frequently use threats or physical force tend to feel little guilt
following transgressions
b)whose parents frequently use threats or physical force tend to feel overwhelming guilt
when they violate standards
c)who feel little guilt frequently have loving and nurturing parents
d)who grow up in abusive households tend to violate standards infrequently
8) which of the following statements is true about gender differences in self-esteem?
a)only a slight difference exists between boys and girls in overall self-esteem.
b)boys overall sense of self-worth is much higher than girls.
c)girls overall sense of self-worth is much higher than boys.
d)by the end of middle childhood, girls are more confident than boys about their
physical appearance.
9) jenna observes that she is better at acting than her peers but not so good at basketball.
jenna is engaging in
a)social comparisons.
b)perspective taking.
c)attribution retraining.
d)emotional self-efficacy.
10) hershel, an african american, has heard that his test administrator believes negative
stereotypes about african-american learners. he becomes anxious and distracted, which
results in a lower test score. hershels fear is an example of
a)stereotype threat.
b)disengagement.
c)dynamic assessment.
d)test bias.
11) in which of the following scenarios is henry, age 9, the most likely to experience
guilt?
a)he accidentally knocks his friend over while running on the playground.
b)he breaks his mothers favorite glass while trying to help her clean the dishes.
c)he forgets to clean up his toys before leaving for school.
d)he peeks at the answers of his classmate during a spelling quiz.
12) it is safe to drink _________ during pregnancy.
a)no amount of alcohol
b)one alcoholic beverage per day
c)3 to 5 alcoholic beverages per week
d)a few alcoholic beverages per month
13) previous research about childrens understanding of god led to a uniform conclusion
that children
a)had an abstract, mystical view of god.
b)assigned anthropomorphic characteristics to god.
c)saw god as omniscient and omnipotent.
d)were not limited to parental images of god.
14) when asked to push a wagon while standing on a towel attached to its rear axle,
21-month-old maximus figures out that if he removes himself from the towel, the
wagon will move. maximus is displaying
a)effortful control.
b)an implicit sense of selfworld differentiation.
c)a categorical self.
d)an explicit body self-awareness.
15) one of the most common causes of enuresis is
a)the use of prescription antidepressant drugs, which increase the amount of urine
produced.
b)abnormalities in the childs urinary tract or bladder.
c)falling asleep in a room that is too warm or using too many blankets.
d)a hormonal imbalance that permits too much urine to accumulate during the night.
16) ___________ enhance or dilute the effects of other genes.
a)alleles
b)trait genes
c)sickle cells
d)modifier genes
17) girls have an edge over boys in
a)throwing.
b)kicking.
c)hopping.
d)batting.
18) which of the following is true?
a)once adolescents enter an identity status, they tend to remain in that status until early
adulthood.
b)most adolescents start out as foreclosed or diffused, but by late adolescence they
move toward moratorium and identity achievement.
c)most adolescents start out in moratorium, but by late adolescence they move toward
foreclosure and diffusion.
d)most adolescents start out in foreclosure, but by late adolescence they move toward
diffusion and identity achievement.