1) three-year-old rachael could not solve a conservation-of-liquid task because she
focused on the height of the water. rachaels thinking is characterized by
a)dynamic transformation.
b)irreversibility.
c)hierarchical classification.
d)centration.
as pregnancy advances, the placenta releases increasing amounts of
a)crh.
b)cortisol.
c)insulin.
2) d)thyroxine.
3) formal academic training during early childhood
a)produces children who have more confidence in their academic abilities.
b)produces children who display fewer stress behaviors, such as wiggling and rocking.
c)enhances childrens study habits throughout the school years.
d)undermines young childrens motivation and emotional well-being.
4) in the sandbox, amelia makes a pie while franklin pours sand from one container to
another. the children talk and pass tools back and forth. they are engaged in _______
play.
a)parallel
b)cooperative
c)associative
d)nonsocial
5) two-year-old camden finds only one of her shoes. she says, i need two shoes. i have
two foots! camdens error is an example of
a)semantic bootstrapping.
b)underextension.
c)overregularization.
d)underregularization.
6) kyle recognizes and classifies all varieties of animals and plants. according to
gardner, kyle excels in _____________ intelligence.
a)spatial
b)naturalist
c)linguistic
d)logico-mathematical
7) as early as age 6, children
a)recognize the importance of individual rights for maintaining a fair society.
b)view freedom of speech and religion as individual rights.
c)place limits on individual choice.
d)express very few prejudices.
8) childrens peer acceptance self-reports reveal that neglected children receive
a)a high number of positive and negative votes.
b)a high number of negative votes.
c)mostly positive votes, with a few negative votes.
d)few positive or negative votes.
9) of the following, who is most likely to have other-sex friends?
a)cassidy, an average student who is not well-known
b)marie, who reached puberty earlier than her classmates
c)chase, who frequently plays sports with his many male friends
d)gwenneth, who is neither popular nor unpopular
pediatricians usually test newborn reflexes carefully because reflexes can reveal
10) a)ineffective parenting.
b)the babys temperament.
c)a compromised circulatory system.
d)the health of the babys nervous system.
11) parents
a)more often praise girls for knowledge and boys for obedience.
b)behave in more mastery-oriented ways with daughters than with sons.
c)less often encourage girls to make their own decisions.
d)set higher standards for girls than for boys when helping a child with a task.
12) nicki crick and kenneth dodges circular model showing the steps of social problem
solving takes a(n) ________________ approach to conflict resolution.
a)piagetian
b)information-processing
c)vygotskian
d)ethological
13) four-year-old rock has authoritarian parents who sometimes physically abuse him.
when his friend dax has a bad day and cries, rock is most likely to respond with
a)sympathetic concern.
b)anxiety and distress.
c)fear and anger.
d)strong feelings of empathy.
14) when making decisions, adolescents often depend on
a)logical and rational thinking.
b)cognitive self-regulation.
c)intuitive judgments.
d)evaluations from strangers.