1) studies of motor development in early childhood show that
a)adult involvement in childrens motor development should focus on perfecting the
correct technique.
b)children need direct instruction to master most gross- and fine-motor skills.
c)playgrounds must offer a range of equipment to meet the diverse needs of individual
children.
d)daily routines, such as pouring juice and dressing, support fine- but not gross-motor
skills.
2) a great strength of the information-processing approach is its commitment to
a)field work.
b)clinical interviews.
c)rigorous research methods.
d)structured observations.
3) studies using fmri reveal that the right hemisphere is specialized for processing
information in a(n) _______ manner.
a)sequential
b)analytical
c)piece-by-piece
d)integrative
4) young infants can be classically conditioned most easily when
a)a conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with an unconditioned stimulus.
b)the conditioned response is fear.
c)the association between two stimuli has survival value.
d)a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned response.
5) the release and fertilization of two ova results in
a)identical twins.
b)fraternal twins.
c)pku.
d)miscarriage.
6) three-year-old madison is shown two pictures: one depicting a child stealing another
childs toy and the other showing a child eating spaghetti with her fingers. madison is
most likely to view
a)both actions as equally wrong.
b)both actions as okay as long as they were not witnessed by an adult.
c)the stealing as worse than the bad table manners.
d)the bad table manners as worse than the stealing.
7) adolescents who assume that absolute truth is always attainable tend to be
a)foreclosed.
b)identity diffused.
c)in a state of moratorium.
d)identity achieved.
8) which of the following statements is supported by research on aggression?
a)girls display overall rates of aggression that are much higher than boys.
b)highly aggressive children tend to be neglected by peers.
c)children who are high in proactive aggression often see hostile intent where it does
not exist.
d)boys are more likely than girls to be targets of harsh, inconsistent discipline.
9) charquinta is trying to solve a scientific problem and applies logic more effectively to
the theory that she doubts than to the theory that she favors. charquinta
a)is lacking in scientific reasoning skills.
b)has acquired scientific reasoning skills.
c)has developed the metacognitive capacity to evaluate her own objectivity.
d)has developed a flexible, open-minded approach to cognitive problem-solving.
10) primary sexual characteristics
a)are visible on the outside of the body.
b)involve the reproductive organs directly.
c)are unrelated to sexual functioning.
d)do not develop in a standard sequence.
11) some critics argue that the violation-of-expectation method is flawed because
a)it is difficult for observers to discern when babies have habituated to the familiar
event.
b)this method cannot be used with young babies or toddlers, who easily become
fatigued.
c)babies make only subtle changes to their behaviors when they recover to a new
stimulus.
d)it reveals only babies perceptual preference for novelty, not their understanding of
experience.
12) the positive impact of having competent and self-controlled peers is greatest for
teenagers whose own parents are
a)authoritative.
b)authoritarian.
c)permissive.
d)uninvolved.
13) many college students and adults are not fully formal operational because
a)they lack extensive experience on the specific tasks that are being assessed.
b)they are not motivated to solve formal operational tasks.
c)only the very brightest people become fully formal operational.
d)they are more interested in socializing than in thinking.
14) in bronfenbrenners ecological systems theory, the ___________________
encompasses connections between microsystems, such as home, school, and
neighborhood.
a)mesosystem
b)exosystem
c)macrosystem
d)chronosystem
15) the placenta is connected to the developing organism by the
a)uterine wall.
b)amnion.
c)chorion.
d)umbilical cord.
16) people who work in skilled and semiskilled manual occupations tend to
_____________ than people in professional and technical occupations.
a)marry later
b)have more children
c)have fewer children
d)have children later
17) which of the following is true about the origins of adhd?
a)adhd runs in families and is highly heritable.
b)fraternal twins share adhd more often than identical twins.
c)the brains of children with adhd grow more quickly than the brains of unaffected
agemates.
d)the brains of children with adhd are about 3 percent larger in volume than the brains
of unaffected agemates.