1) defining who you are, what you value, and the directions you choose to pursue in life
is part of
a)constructing an identity.
b)moral development.
c)gender intensification.
d)commitment.
2) goodness of fit is
a)only effective with sociable, securely attached children.
b)rarely successful with difficult children.
c)only effective with infants and toddlers.
d) at the heart of infantcaregiver attachment.
3) cousins easton and jack are both infants. sometimes easton watches jack while he
rolls on the floor. however, both babies engage in solitary play. this is known as
a)parallel play.
b)cooperative play.
c)associative play.
d)nonsocial activity.
4) compared with piagets theory of development, the information-processing approach
has had more difficulty with
a)breaking down childrens thoughts into precise procedures.
b)integrating information into a broad, comprehensive theory.
c)reducing changes in thoughts into manageable proportions.
d)identifying specific stages of cognitive development.
5) janice, age 7, is an eager thumb sucker. as a result, janice is at risk for
a)tooth decay.
b)a malocclusion.
c)gum disease.
d)a tongue thrust.
6) jessica believes that development takes place in stages where children change rapidly
as they step up to a new level and then change very little for a while. jessica views
development as
a)discontinuous.
b)determined by nature.
c)continuous.
d)determined by nurture.
7) the v-chip (or violence chip)
a)violates the first amendment right to free speech.
b)remains optional for new television sets.
c)is mandated in canada.
d)serves to make offensive television programs less appealing to children.
8) to parents, fine-motor progress in early childhood is most apparent in which two
areas?
a)reaching and grasping; independent movement
b)self-help skills; drawing and painting
c)writing; running
d)intermodal perception; independent movement
9) which of the following was a finding by the u.s. national longitudinal survey of
youth?
a)mothers with lower intelligence test scores tend to have larger families than mothers
with higher scores.
b)mothers with small families are usually less well-off economically than mothers with
larger families.
c)first-born children in large families are more intelligent than their younger siblings.
d)only children have lower intelligence test scores than children with siblings.
10) a recent study showed that seventh-grade students who moved into eighth-grade
classes that emphasized competition and public comparison of students
a)performed better academically than peers in classrooms that emphasized cooperation
and mutual respect.
b)showed increased perseverance and improved study habits.
c)showed declines in motivation and self-regulation.
d)showed better attendance than peers in classrooms that emphasized cooperation and
shared classroom control.
11) between ages _____ and _____, napping subsides.
a)1; 3
b)2; 4
c)3; 5
d)4; 6
12) childrens creation of _________________ was once viewed as a sign of
maladjustment, but current research challenges this assumption.
a)imaginary companions
b)dual representations
c)animalistic symbols
d)pretend themes
13) in piagets concrete operational stage,
a)thought is more logical, flexible, and organized than it was during early childhood.
b)the focus is on coordination of sensation and action through reflexive behaviors.
c)the child learns to use and to represent objects by images, words, and drawings.
d)individuals move beyond concrete experiences and begin to think abstractly.
14) around age 7 or 8, an increase in _______ occurs in children of both sexes.
a)androgens
b)estrogens
c)brain circuitry
d)endocrine
15) follow-up research suggests that once 8- to 12-month-olds search for hidden
objects, they may make the a-not-b search error because they
a)do not attend closely when the object is hidden at a.
b)have trouble remembering an objects new location.
c)lack the motor skills necessary for intentional reaching and grasping.
d)have trouble inhibiting a previously rewarded motor response.