1) ethan is an early-maturing boy. he is probably perceived by both adults and peers as
a)unpopular.
b)self-confident.
c)withdrawn.
d)prone to depression.
2) in industrialized nations, depression
a)occurs at the same rate in adolescence as it did in middle childhood.
b)symptoms increase sharply between the ages of 12 and 16.
c)occurs equally as often in girls as in boys.
d)does not seem to affect identity development.
3) sophie weighed 8.9 pounds when she was born. research shows that she is at an
increased risk of ________ in adulthood.
a)breast cancer
b)lung cancer
c)heart disease
d)stroke
4) janetta and four friends chose a vocational track in high school, similar to those
chosen by their parents. none of these students was interested in going to college. they
will
a)probably end up working in technical or medical fields.
b)have more work opportunities available to them than their parents did.
c)have fewer work opportunities than their parents did several decades ago.
d)probably receive a lot of vocational counseling and job placement services as they
transition from school to work.
5) which of the following children is at risk for excessive weight gain?
a)lauralee, whose parents are average weight
b)stewart, who lives in a stressful family environment
c)donato, who was breastfed for two years
d)donna, whose parents are vegans
6) in cultures where parentchild cosleeping is widespread,
a)the rate infant mortality from sids is high.
b)parents and infants usually sleep on soft mattresses.
c)infants often sleep in a cradle or hammock next to the parents bed.
d)infants tend to lie on their stomach or side facing the mother.
7) which of the following is true about childhood injuries?
a)injury fatalities decrease from middle childhood into adolescence.
b)injury rates for girls rise considerable above those for boys.
c)motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of injury fatalities in middle childhood.
d)sports-related injuries are the second leading cause of injury in middle childhood.
8) compared with preschoolers, school-age children who give eyewitness testimony are
a)better at inferring others motives and intentions.
b)less resistant to misleading questions.
c)less likely to give detailed narrative accounts.
d)less able to recall events accurately.
9) the cerebral cortex
a)contains the greatest number of neurons and synapses in the brain.
b)is the first part of the brain to stop growing.
c)is less sensitive to environmental influences than other parts of the brain.
d)fully develops during the third trimester of pregnancy.
10) to examine whether childrens popularity was stable or changed across the years, dr.
clique followed a group of children from ages 5 to 18 years. this is an example of a
________ design.
a)sequential
b)microgenetic
c)cross-sectional
d)longitudinal
11) in the information-processing system, _______ is unlimited in capacity.
a)working memory
b)long-term memory
c)the central executive
d)the sensory register
12) ___________ increase(s) during middle childhood and adolescence.
a)gray matter
b)sleep time
c)white matter
d)neurons in the prefrontal cortex
13) lydia says, i hate my life and i just want to die. besides, everyone would be better
off without me better if i had never been born. you should
a)try to take her mind off her problems by taking her to a movie or some other activity.
b)agree with her initially. if she thinks you are on her side by not opposing her plan, she
is more likely to be convinced by you later.
c)make her get professional help right away. do not try to talk with her yourself, as
untrained counseling can actually increase the risk of suicide.
d)empathize as much as you can and ask if she has a plan for killing herself. if her plan
involves a method and a time, the risk of suicide is very high.
14) linguist noam chomsky argued that all children
a)have a language acquisition device that contains a universal grammar.
b)acquire language through imitation and reinforcement.
c)rely on imitation to rapidly acquire complex utterances.
d)cue their caregivers to provide appropriate language experiences.
15) secular trends in physical growth involve changes in body size from
a)one region to another.
b)evolutionary adaptation.
c)one generation to the next.
d)growth spurts.
a disadvantage of cross-sectional research is that
16) a)it is more inefficient and inconvenient than longitudinal research.
b)it does not provide evidence about change at the individual level.
c)it can be threatened by practice effects and participant dropout.
d)age-related changes cannot be examined.
17) in teaching mathematics, teachers should focus on
a)computation drills alone.
b)number sense alone.
c)a blend of the drill in computing and number sense methods.
d)rote memorization of math facts and rules.
18) myopia is one of the few health conditions that
a)decreases with age.
b)can be entirely prevented through changes in behavior.
c)increases with family income.
d)is unique to industrialized nations.
19) after 2- to 6-month olds forget an operant response,
a)it takes months for them to reinstate the memory.
b)they need only a brief prompt to reinstate the memory.
c)they reinstate the memory after a few days.
d)they are unable to remember it without extensive training.
20) one possible explanation for the high frequency of bedtime struggles in american
homes is that american children
a)are much more dependent than children from other cultures.
b)are expected to sleep for more hours than children from other cultures .
c)often eat late in the evening, which interferes with sleep.
d)may feel stressed when they must fall asleep without assistance.