1) differential treatment of siblings increases when
a)siblings strive to be different from one another.
b)parents spend more time with children.
c)parents are dealing with financial or emotional stress.
d)there are fewer children in the family.
2) helena understands that different perspectives may result because people have access
to different information. helena is at the stage of ________ perspective taking.
a)undifferentiated
b)social-informational
c)self-reflective
d)third-party
3) the social smile
a)first appears during rem sleep.
b)is evoked by parentchild interaction.
c)emerges during the second week of life.
d)first appears in response to dynamic, eye-catching sights.
4) sternbergs triarchic theory of successful intelligence is comprised of which of the
following broad interacting intelligences?
a)experiential, interpersonal, and academic
b)fluid, crystallized, and social
c)contextual, verbal, and spatial
d)analytical, creative, and practical
5) which of the following did researchers find about rates of physical activity from ages
9 to 15?
a)fewer than one-third of sampled youths met the u.s. government recommendation of
at least 60 minutes of moderate to strenuous physical activity per day.
b)from ages 9 to 15, physical activity increased by about 40 minutes per day for
sampled youths.
c)in u.s. high schools, about 75 percent of girls and 80 percent of boys are enrolled in
physical education courses.
d)only one-half of all u.s. high school students participate in a daily physical education
class.
6) preschoolers same-sex peer groups
a)increase childrens tolerance for gender-inappropriate activities.
b)serve to reduce the gender stereotypes coming from parents.
c)make the peer context an especially potent source of gender-role learning.
d)increase childrens opportunities for cross-gender play.
7) sending a child to her room for a few minutes
a)is useful when a child is out of control.
b)often generates much resentment in children.
c)is less effective than punishment in producing the desired behavior.
d)is the most effective form of discipline.
8) about _____ percent of u.s. preschoolers are not fully immunized.
a)7
b)18
c)24
d)32
9) sperm can survive for up to
a)twelve hours.
b)two days.
c)four days.
d)six days.
10) in the same experiment examining whether a specific type of intervention improves
the psychological adjustment of shy children, the dependent variable would be the
a)type of intervention.
b)number of children in the subject pool who are shy.
c)number of shy children who benefit from the intervention.
d)measure of psychological adjustment.
11) __________ halves the number of chromosomes normally present in body cells.
a)mitosis
b)osmosis
c)meiosis
d)autosome formation
12) baby sabrina opens her mouth differently for a nipple than for a spoon. in piagets
theory, this is an example of a ________ circular reaction.
a)reflexive
b)primary
c)secondary
d)tertiary
13) _______ improves the efficiency of message transfer.
a)stimulation
b)synaptic pruning
c)tomography
d)myelination
14) gay and lesbian adoption is illegal in
a)the united kingdom and canada.
b)mexico and argentina.
c)some u.s. states.
d)spain and belgium.
15) dominance hierarchies
a)are observed only in nonhuman primates.
b)may serve to limit aggression among group members.
c)promote within-group hostility.
d)exist only for males.
16) ___________ is part of every logical operation.
a)seriation
b)decentration
c)conservation
d)reversibility
17) cross-cultural research demonstrates that
a)fathers warmth contributes greatly to childrens long-term favorable development.
b)fathers who devote little time to physical caregiving do not express parental warmth.
c)mothers and fathers emotional interactions with each other and with their children are
not linked.
d)fathers warmth cannot protect children against emotional and behavioral problems.
18) joshua recently switched from elementary school to middle school. he feels less
academically competent and his liking for school has declined. which of the following
best explains the cause of his feelings?
a)he comes from a high-ses background.
b)the class sizes are bigger, and the school work is more challenging.
c)middle school teachers tend to be less caring and supportive than elementary school
teachers.
d)boys, more so than girls, tend to struggle with school transitions.