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1) four-year-old martha uses shorter, simpler expressions when interacting with her
2-year-old brother. this example suggests that piaget may have
a)overestimated preschoolers animistic thinking.
b)overestimated preschoolers egocentrism.
c)underestimated preschoolers animistic thinking.
d)underestimated preschoolers egocentrism.
vygotskys sociocultural theory emphasizes that
2) a)children are born with prewired understandings that permit a ready grasp of new
information.
b)children think with their eyes, ears, hands, and other sensorimotor equipment.
c)complex mental activities have their origins in social interaction.
d)children discover virtually all knowledge about the world through their own activity.
3) ______ prompts children to make amends.
a)pride
b)guilt
c)shame
d)anger
4) according to gilligan, a concern for others is
a)a different, but no less valid, basis of morality.
b)a less valid basis for morality than justice.
c)highly valued in kohlbergs theory.
d)limited in young women.
5) at birth, visual structures in
a)the eyes are fully formed, but those in the brain are not yet fully formed.
b)both the eyes and the brain are fully formed.
c)the brain are fully formed, but those in the eyes are not yet fully formed.
d)both the eyes and the brain are not yet fully formed.
6) as a result of school courses and media campaigns,
a)about 90 percent of high school students are aware of basic facts about aids, but are
poorly informed about other stds.
b)about 90 percent of middle and high school students are aware of basic facts about
most stds.
c)most sexually active high school students report using std protection during oral sex.
d)few high school students report engaging in oral sex with multiple partners, and most
who do are well-informed about stds.
7) crystal, age 16, is allowed to work at her part-time job for no more than 15 hours a
week, and she tends to make decisions jointly with her parents. which of the following
statements about crystal is most likely to be true?
a)crystal will likely grow up to have a poor work ethic as an adult.
b)crystal will likely grow up to be a permissive parent.
c)crystal is likely to do very well in her academic work.
d)crystal is likely to lack motivation in doing her school work.
8) the _________ classroom has become increasingly pronounced as a result of the u.s.
no child left behind act.
a)collectivist
b)authoritative
c)traditional
d)constructivist
9) the developing organism responds to touch during the ________ month of
pregnancy.
a)first
b)second
c)third
d)fourth
10) an estimated 22 percent of u.s. children suffer from
a)marasmus.
b)food insecurity.
c)kwashiorkor.
d)iron deficiency anemia.
11) according to research on social referencing, which of the following responses from
tanners mom is the most likely to encourage him to get up and try again after he falls
down while learning to walk?
a)a concerned look
b)a cautious smile
c)speaking the words oh, no!
d)laughter combined with saying oopsie-daisy
12) current theorists believe that the typical adolescents approach to forming a mature
identity starts with ________ and is then followed by ________.
a)industry; autonomy
b)trust; initiative
c)exploration; commitment
d)confusion; calm
