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Probation works best when the judge and the supervising officer have close contact. a. True b. False Although parole officers must sometimes act in the role of a “cop,” they do not have the power to enforce conditions of release. […]

The juvenile justice system in the United States did not develop until the late 19th and early 20th centuries. a. True b. False As the status of women changes some believe that the women will commit more crimes. a. True […]

American laws reflect the desire to prevent unnecessary deprivations of liberty. a. True b. False Low-income city dwellers tend not to be the victims of crime as much as wealthy city-dwellers because thieves target those with wealth. a. True b. […]

responding to the demands of a. congress. b. law enforcement. c. voters. d. federal prosecutors. ANSWER: c REFERENCES: Crime and Justice as Public Policy Issues LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.01.01 – Discuss how public policies on crime are formed KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember […]

True / False 1. Politicians often try to be “tough on crime” without fully understanding the costs and consequences of such policies. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Crime and Justice as Public Policy Issues LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.01.01 – […]

True / False 1. In most states, no higher authority can second guess or change the decision of a prosecutor. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: The Prosecutorial System LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.10.02 – Analyze the process by which criminal […]

c. discretionary d. decisions-making ANSWER: a REFERENCES: The Prosecutorial System LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.10.03 – Identify the other actors in the system with whom the prosecutor interacts during the decision-making process KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember 62. The _________ sufficiency model aims at […]

d. An affirmative defense is presented. ANSWER: c REFERENCES: Trial: The Exceptional Case LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.11.04 – Identify the stages of a criminal trial The Law of Corrections KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember 62. _________ evidence requires that the jury infers a […]

True / False 1. Values and norms do not affect the functioning of a courtroom. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: The Courtroom: How It Functions LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.11.01 – Describe the courtroom workgroup and how it functions KEYWORDS: […]

b. rehabilitation c. general deterrence d. specific deterrence ANSWER: d REFERENCES: The Goals of Punishment LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.12.01 – Describe the goals of punishment KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember 62. Many exonerations are not based on DNA evidence, but on the discovery […]

True / False 1. Punishments rarely reflect the dominant values of a particular timeframe in history. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: The Goals of Punishment LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.12.01 – Describe the goals of punishment KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember 2. […]

True / False 1. Throughout the history of the United States, ideas about punishment have remained roughly the same. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: Development of Corrections LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.13.01 – Describe how the American system of corrections […]

64. A ____ is an institution intended to punish criminals by isolating them from society and from one another so they can reflect on their past misdeeds, repent, and reform. a. jail b. penitentiary c. reformatory d. dormitory ANSWER: b […]

True / False 1. Community corrections recognize that factors within the community that encourage criminal behavior cannotr be changed. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: Community Corrections: Assumptions LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.14.01 – Analyze the philosophical assumptions that underlie community […]

REFERENCES: Intermediate Sanctions in the Community LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.14.03 – Describe the types of intermediate sanctions and how they are administered KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember 62. Another name for boot camp is a. shock incarceration. b. military indoctrination. c. part-time incarceration. […]

ANSWER: b REFERENCES: Prison Organization LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.15.03 – Analyze how a prison is governed KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember 62. The rate of confirmed AIDS cases in state and federal prisons is ________ times higher than the rate in the total […]

True / False 1. Contemporary prisoners are more likely to come from urban areas and to have been convicted of drug offenses than prisoners in the past. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Who Is in Prison? LEARNING OBJECTIVES: […]

True / False 1. The percentage of incarcerated drug offenders has increased significantly in the past 20 years. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Prisoner Reentry LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.16.01 – Describe the nature of the “reentry problem” KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: […]

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember 62. Which is not one of the three concepts on which parole rests? a. Grace b. Contract c. Custody d. Punishment ANSWER: d REFERENCES: Release and Supervision LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.16.02 – Discuss about the origins of parole […]

a. Juvenile arrests for violent crime index offenses b. Juveniles in residential placement c. Cases judicially waived to criminal court d. Delinquency cases resulting in residential placement ANSWER: c REFERENCES: The Juvenile Justice Process LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.17.04 – Describe how […]

True / False 1. Only a small percentage of juvenile arrests are for homicide. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Youth Crime in the United States LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.17.01 – Describe the extent of youth crime in the United […]

True / False 1. Personal lifestyles do not influence exposure to victimization. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: Crime Victimization LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.02.01 – Describe who is likely to be victimized by crime. KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember 2. The tangible […]

of offenders. KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember 61. Women’s share of arrests is the highest for which type of crime? a. Robbery b. Rape c. Murder d. Larceny-theft ANSWER: d REFERENCES: Causes of Crime LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.02.05 – Analyze crime-causation theories and […]

True / False 1. Decisions made within the system of criminal justice should not have to reflect important public values. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: The Goals of Criminal Justice LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.03.01 – Describe the goals of […]

60. Federal sentencing guidelines punish users of crack cocaine about 100 times more harshly than users of powder cocaine. This fact reflects which of the textbook’s explanations for racial disparities? a. Racial insensitivity and unequal treatment in society can shape […]

True / False 1. In the United States, the distinction between criminal and civil law is minimal. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: Foundations of Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.04.01 – Describe the bases and sources of American criminal […]

c. common law. d. case law. ANSWER: b REFERENCES: Foundations of Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.04.01 – Describe the bases and sources of American criminal law KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember 62. ________ are the basic laws of a country or state […]

True / False 1. England has no national police force. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: The Development of Police in the United States LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.05.01 – Describe how policing evolved in the United States KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember […]

61. Which of the following is considered a “special population”? a. Drug addicts b. Runaways c. Homeless d. All of the above. ANSWER: d REFERENCES: Police and the Community LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.05.07 – Describe the importance of connections between the […]

61. Police components that directly perform field operations and carry out the basic functions of patrol, investigation, traffic, vice, juvenile, and are so on are called _________ functions. a. line b. patrol c. sworn d. preventative ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Delivery […]

True / False 1. Police officers today have more formal education than their predecessors. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Who Are the Police? LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.01 – Discuss why people become police officers and how they learn to […]

True / False 1. Many citizens perceive that a significant amount of police misconduct may be hidden from public view. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Police Abuse of Power LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.07.04 – Describe how the police are […]

c. airport scanners. d. all of the above. ANSWER: d REFERENCES: Policing and New Technology LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.07.01 – Describe the new technologies that facilitate crime, assist police investigations, and affect citizens’ rights KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember 63. Through the use […]

True / False 1. Police officers can conduct a warrant search without probable cause. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: Legal Limitation on Police Investigations LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.08.02 – Understand when and how police officers seek warrants in order […]

b. The Court abolished the rule. c. The Court created exceptions to limit the applicability of the rule. d. The Court did not change the rule in terms of its application. ANSWER: c REFERENCES: The Exclusionary Rule LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.08.06 […]

True / False 1. The United States has a dual court system. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: The Structure of American Courts LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.09.01 – Describe the structure of the American court system KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember 2. […]

a. It always violates the offender’s First Amendment rights. b. It is always used unfairly, particularly for female offenders. c. It is unfair to incarcerate someone when we assume all offenders are innocent until proven guilty. d. The financial costs […]

Street crimes are the least profitable for the offender. a. True b. False Cesare Lombroso’s medical training led him to believe that certain people are born criminals. a. True b. False Answer: True REFERENCES: Causes of Crime Which of the […]

A(n) _________ is the physical detention of a suspect. a. information b. arrest c. warrant d. indictment Police have broad discretion on the use of deadly force. a. True b. False Answer: False REFERENCES: Police Abuse of Power In what […]

Which of James Q. Wilson’s styles of policing is marked by professionalism and emphasis on law enforcement? a. Watchman b. Legalistic c. Service d. Suburban Elizabeth is a middle-age female who was planning to purchase a new spring wardrobe with […]

David has worked for his municipal police department for 10 years. He has seen his fair share of homicide and rape victims. He remembers a the time when he used to be excited to hear the next call for service. […]

_______ defendants are those who are too poor to afford their own lawyers. a. Immigrant b. Poor c. Indigent d. Minority Which of the following is not a major duty of law enforcement agencies? a. Keeping the peace b. Preventing […]

Which of the following is a value that must be respected in a democracy by police, prosecutors, judges, and correctional officials? a. Rule of law b. Civil liberties c. Justice d. All of these are the values that must be […]

The pursuit of justice through punishment imposed on a person as “payback” for harming society by violating criminal laws is called a. incapacitation. b. special deterrence. c. rehabilitation. d. retribution. Jails are predominately filled with women. a. True b. False […]

The _________ raised questions about whether and how police patrol impacts crime and crime rates. Thus police departments have tried various means to use patrol in order to provide service, maintain order, and achieve improvements in crime prevention and crime […]

Which of the following is true about the use of discretion by a police officer? a. The more serious a crime is to the public, the more freedom officers have to ignore it. b. A suspect who is very hostile […]

Many citizens perceive that a significant amount of police misconduct may be hidden from public view. a. True b. False Jails house persons awaiting trial, or who have been sentenced to less than 1 year of incarceration. a. True b. […]

Police are responsible for adjudication. a. True b. False The Department of ____________ was formed after the events of September 11, 2001. a. International Affairs b. Terrorism c. FBI d. Homeland Security Answer: d REFERENCES: Homeland Security Truancy is an […]

The ______ is better able than any state agency to pursue criminal investigations across state borders. a. U.S. Marshal b. Secret Service c. FBI d. Homeland Security Department To achieve the goals of criminal justice, many kinds of organizationssuch as […]

Persons on probation can refuse drug tests because they interfere with the Fourth Amendment right to privacy. a. True b. False Which of the following is not a reason for the rise in private policing? a. Budgetary constraints upon the […]

Which police unit identifies, apprehends, and collects evidence against lawbreakers? a. Traffic b. Investigation c. Juvenile d. Administrative Which is a technique used to control the police? a. Violent protests b. Media criticism c. Peaceful protests d. Civilian review boards […]

Holding police officers responsible for any unprofessional (or criminal) behavior is referred to as a. civil liability. b. statutory assessment. c. legislative occupation. d. civic accountability. Jails are administered locally by a. private citizens who volunteer. b. appointed civil servants. […]

States can provide more protection for individual rights than does the U.S. Constitution. a. True b. False Keeping inmates secure is the definition of which of the following? a. Management b. Security c. Environmental custodialship d. Custody Answer: d REFERENCES: […]

Dylan will be teaching an in-service for a group of officers tomorrow to review the use-of-force continuum. A nearby department recently had an officer fire upon an unarmed suspect, which left the community enraged. Dylan plans to pay particular attention […]

Officers who use their power for personal gain and usually receive media attention for their actions when discovered are called a. meat eaters. b. grass eaters. c. weed eaters. d. night eaters. Which is true concerning the authority of prison […]

The geographic territory that defines a court’s authority is called jurisdiction. a. True b. False At a combined probation revocation and sentencing hearing, the probationer is a. not permitted to attend. b. being tried on new criminal charges. c. subject […]

Why might a prosecutor not seek to file charges on behalf of a prostitute who is raped? a. She has a criminal record. b. The jury believes she played a role in her victimization. c. Prosecutors do not believe the […]

Chan Le is a probation officer who is employed by the state. Chan Le has an extremely large caseload and often gets overwhelmed by the requirements of his job. In the middle of the night, Chan Le is called to […]

Jacob is an attorney who works in the local public defender’s office. His caseload is horrendous, and his salary low. Jacob feels that he has been very blessed in his life and wanted a job that would allow him to […]

All 50 states impose death as a sentence. a. True b. False Which statement best reflects valid criticism of the use of preventive detention? a. It always violates the offender’s First Amendment rights. b. It is always used unfairly, particularly […]

After September 11, 2001, the FBI changed its priorities to include protecting the United States from terrorist attack. a. True b. False The Patriot Act allows law enforcement to monitor emails. a. True b. False Answer: True REFERENCES: Homeland Security […]

Elizabeth is a middle-age female who was planning to purchase a new spring wardrobe with her credit card. When she handed the salesperson her credit card, she was surprised to find out that it was denied. Elizabeth had no idea […]

The percentage of former prisoners who are rearrested for a similar offense is called a. return offender. b. recriminalization. c. recidivism. d. redundancy. Criminal justice in the United States is highly decentralized. a. True b. False Answer: True REFERENCES: Criminal […]

The fear of crime is fed by a. television. b. news media. c. personal communication in social networks. d. All of the above feed the fear of crime. Layer 4 of the criminal justice wedding cake model consists of misdemeanors. […]

Most theories about crime are based on men. a. True b. False Law enforcement agencies that serve colleges and universities include a. tribal police. b. SWAT. c. Interpol. d. special jurisdiction agencies. Answer: d REFERENCES: Law Enforcement Agencies People generally […]

Criminal and civil proceedings may arise from the same crime. a. True b. False Terry v. Ohio permitted officers the ability to pat down clothing of people on the streets if there is reasonable suspicion of dangerous criminal activity, which […]

Which of the following statements best explains the goals of the criminal justice system? a. The actions of citizens taking simple precautions cannot prevent crime. b. Efforts to control crime allow police to go beyond the law. c. Decisions must […]

Which statement is a challenge faced by probation officers? a. Caseloads are increasingly more violent. b. They must prioritize certain individuals over others. c. Risk classification methods are rarely used. d. Most probationers are on electronic monitoring. Another name for […]

At all levels of the justice process, there is a high degree of discretion employed by decision makers. a. True b. False Certain specialized agencies provide police departments recognition for the best practices they employ. What type of agency provides […]

Police components that directly perform field operations and carry out the basic functions of patrol, investigation, traffic, vice, juvenile, and are so on are called _________ functions. a. line b. patrol c. sworn d. preventative Most theories about crime focus […]

Miranda warnings must be issued in written form and signed or initialed by the suspect. a. True b. False New technology in policing is sometimes not reliable. a. True b. False Answer: True REFERENCES: Policing and New Technology Cyberbullying and […]

An example of retribution is the saying, “an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.” a. True b. False The factors of total power, rewards and punishments, exchange relationships, and inmate leadership a. exist in only a few […]

Conservative and liberal justices convey the message in their rulings that a. partisan affiliation is more important than ideological position. b. ideology matters little in the way the justices rule. c. the Bill of Rights is not that important to […]

Which of the following is a consequence of the policy of differential response? a. Less detailed information is received from callers. b. Callers are uncertain about when to expect a response. c. Police resources are conserved. d. Patrol officers know […]

Which layer of the criminal justice “wedding cake” involves celebrated cases resulting in a jury trial that are highly unusual with great public attention? a. 4 b. 3 c. 2 d. 1 The elements of a crime are a. actus […]

Maria is a 16 year-old Hispanic female from South Carolina who has been charged with assault with a deadly weapon with the intent to kill. Maria used a baseball bat to beat a classmate close to death leaving the victim […]

The juvenile justice system is primarily concerned with the interests and needs of: a. the community. b. the family. c. society. d. thechild. What is another (politically sensitive) term used for “other conditional release”? a. Mandatory parole b. Mandatory release […]

Sarah is the responding officer at a domestic violence call. Upon arrival she is informed by the female of the home that her ex-husband has violated a protective order and entered her home. He held a gun to her head […]

Detective Smith is working on an active sexual assault case. She has just recently received DNA results back from the lab. The results specifically pinpoint the person of interest as the suspect. Detective Smith has obtained an arrest warrant and […]