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62. Which is not one of the three concepts on which parole rests?
a.
Grace
b.
Contract
c.
Custody
d.
Punishment
63. A system of conditional release from prison, devised by Captain Alexander Maconochie and first developed in Ireland
by Sir Walter Crofton, was known as
a.
probation.
b.
home confinement.
c.
ticket of leave.
d.
reformatory.
64. State _________ are typically composed of citizens who are appointed for fixed terms in office by the governor.
a.
reentry boards
b.
community boards
c.
parole boards
d.
probation boards
65. A(n) _______ later became known as the “royal prerogative of mercy” in England.
a.
pardon
b.
expungement
c.
clemency
d.
forgiveness
66. One way that offenders avoid the consequences of civil disabilities is through _______, a process through which an
individual’s criminal records are erased from public records.
a.
pardon
b.
clemency
c.
forgiveness
d.
expungement
67. _______ may be the most notable civil disability of ex-prisoners.
a.
Inability to work
b.
Removal of medical care
c.
Income tax revocation
d.
Inability to vote
68. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in _____ that if a parole officer alleges that a technical violation occurred, a two-step
revocation proceeding is required.
a.
Brown v. Plata (2011)
b.
Morrissey v. Brewer (1972)
c.
The Second Chance Act of 2007
d.
Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
Grant has recently been released from a state prison after the successful completion of his sentence for drug crimes. He
has made a promise to himself that he will not go back to prison and will try to do everything he can to reintegrate back
into the community. Grant would really like to vote in the upcoming election; however, he has been informed that it will
not be possible, at least for this election. Grant also has had a difficult time finding employment. It seems that most
employers just do not want to take a chance on someone with a record.
69. Grant promised himself that he will not go back to prison. Unfortunately, 40% of inmates released go back to prison
within ______ years.
a.
2
b.
3
c.
4
d.
5
70. Grant’s release mechanism would be considered _______ release.
a.
expiration
b.
mandatory
c.
probationary
d.
discretionary
71. Grant’s ______ have not been restored yet, as evidenced by the fact that he is not allowed to vote in the upcoming
election.
a.
criminal disabilities
b.
civil disabilities
c.
due process rights
d.
voting rights
72. Grant's reentry into society was made easier by his participation in a
a.
state prison release commissioner home
b.
parole board release program
c.
juvenile detention facility
d.
reentry preparation program
The parole board has recently paroled Beth after eight years of incarceration. She is to obtain gainful employment, submit
to weekly drug test, and notify the parole officer if she is going out of state. Beth will spend a month in a transitional
facility before she is completely on her own. It has been difficult locating a facility close to her home because most
communities do not want parolees in their neighborhood.
73. Beth was placed on parole by a parole board. Beth’s release would be considered a _________ release.
a.
discretionary
b.
mandatory
c.
conditional
d.
expiration
74. Beth must locate gainful employment and submit to a weekly drug test, which would be considered her conditions of
a.
parole.
b.
fact.
c.
probation.
d.
release.
75. Beth will serve some time in a transitional facility before she is released, most likely in a
a.
jail.
b.
halfway house.
c.
reformatory.
d.
furlough.
76. The reason Beth cannot find a halfway house close to her home is because of the ________ attitude.
a.
NIMBY
b.
NIMFY
c.
MINFB
d.
BIMVY
77. If Beth had served her sentence in full and not been paroled, then her release would have been considered a
_________ release.
a.
discretionary
b.
mandatory
c.
conditional
d.
expiration
Miranda has been a parole officer for over 12 years. When she first started working with inmates, she saw herself as a
caretaker. She worked many hours in facilitating relationships with her clients in order for them to become functioning
members of society. In the last couple of years, Miranda has noticed herself becoming more authoritarian. She still wants
to help her clients, but seems to spend more of her time restricting their freedom.
78. When Miranda is assisting her clients with jobs and forging a relationship with them, she is working in which
capacity?
a.
Social worker
b.
Cop
c.
Teacher
d.
Preacher
79. When Miranda is restricting freedoms or trying to revoke parole, she is working as a
a.
social worker.
b.
cop.
c.
teacher.
d.
preacher.
80. As a parole officer, Miranda engages in all of the following tasks except:
a.
providing help in finding a job and restoring family ties for clients.
b.
channeling clients to social agencies where they can obtain help.
c.
finding clients their old acquaintances.
d.
developing a relationship with clients.
81. Which of the following would not be a step in the evolution of parole?
a.
Strict imprisonment
b.
Freedom within a limited area
c.
Ticket of leave resulting in conditional pardon
d.
Full restoration of civil liberties.
82. ___ can, through early release, shorten the sentence given by a judge.
a.
Prison wardens
b.
State legislators
c.
Parole boards
d.
Probation boards
83. A temporary release from prison to renew family ties and relieve tensions of confinement is called a
a.
supermax
b.
halfway house
c.
ticket of leave
d.
furlough
84. Which of the following is an example of an institutional reentry preparation program?
a.
State prison release commissioner homes
b.
Parole boards
c.
Halfway houses
d.
Reentry institutions
85. When an offender is released from prison, he or she is still the government’s responsibility, and this concept of parole
is called ______.
86. The release of an inmate from prison to conditional supervision is referred to as ______.
87. Based on information contained in your text’s companion website, in Japan, decisions to release offenders from prison
and place them under supervision in the community are made by _______ parole boards.
88. Tickets of leave were developed by the reformer Captain Alexander ______.
89. _______ release is when an inmate has served time equal to the total sentence minus any “good time.”
90. Prisoners who are released from prison after serving the maximum sentence and cannot be returned will receive a(n)
_____ release.
91. Restrictions on parolees’ conduct that are legally binding conditions are called ______.
92. The daytime release of inmates to go to work or school is called ______.
93. The temporary release of an inmate for a visit home is called a(n) _______.
94. A parolee’s principal contact with the criminal justice system is through the _______.
95. The continuing difficulties faced by former inmates are sometimes referred to as _______ punishments.
96. If a parolee violates the conditions of his or her parole, parole may be _______.
97. ________ courts may help offenders reintegrate into the community.
98. Legal restrictions on ex-offenders (such as the inability to vote) are referred to as ________.
99. When offenders are absolved from the consequences of their crimes by executive order, they have received ______.
100. The _____ is a transitional facility for soon-to-be- released inmates that connects them to community services,
resources, and support.
101. _______ has been described as a "transient state between liberty and recommitment."
102. The power of a _______ to decide if a prisoner was "ready" to be released was abolished in mandatory release states.
103. Successful prisoner reentry requires that parole and reentry support services focus on linking offenders with
community institutions, such as churches, families, self-help groups, and _________.
104. States retaining indeterminate sentences allow _____ release by the parole board within the boundaries set by the
sentence and the penal law.
105. ______ release occurs when a sentencing judge requires a period of post-custody supervision in the community.
106. ____ were the forerunner of the modern day parole system
107. There is no ________ involved in the release date with mandatory releases.
108. In _______, the Supreme Court established that a parole's due process rights require a prompt, informal two-part
inquiry before an impartial hearing officer prior to parole revocation.
109. _____ is a process defined by individual states’ laws through which offenders can have their criminal records erased
from public records.
110. A _______ is an action of the executive branch of state or federal government excluding the offense and absolving
the offender from the consequences of the crime.
111. How has public opinion impacted the release of offenders back into the community? Have these changes helped
offenders to reduce recidivism?
112. The textbook noted that increasingly large percentages of inmates have committed drug crimes. Why do you think
this has occurred, and what affect might it have on reentry issues?
113. Given that there are permanent restrictions on ex-offenders (inability to vote, collect government support, etc.), can
we ever really say that offenders have “paid their debt” to society? If these offenders feel they will be punished forever,
what incentive do they have to remain crime-free?
114. This chapter began by discussing the changes in parole since the 1970s. It is very difficult for offenders to be
released when they are judged “ready” for release when job training and education programs have been severely curtailed.
In your opinion, what might explain this trend and what are the greater social effects of these policies?
115. What are the advantages and disadvantages of GPS tracking of parolees?
116. Discuss two issues regarding how budget cuts increase the use of parole in some jurisdictions.
117. How can a state successfully prepare for inmate integration into the community?
118. What should the role of parole officers be and why? How might the personality of the client change this
relationship?
119. Through the use of at least three examples, discuss the issue of civil disabilities.
120. Explain a scenario for which pardoning would be justified. What is the difference between a pardon and an
expungement?
121. Discuss about the origins of parole and the way it operates today.
