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Miranda warnings must be issued in written form and signed or initialed by the suspect.
a. True
b. False
New technology in policing is sometimes not reliable.
a. True
b. False
Cyberbullying and other online delinquency are a new and growing phenomenon.
a. True
b. False
Which statement best reflectscurrent use of new technology in policing?
a. Technologyis never a problem.
b. Police departments stand to gain very little from the use of new technology.
c. New technology may raise issues regarding constitutional rights.
d. Police rarely use new technology.
The local view of the proper sentence, considering the offense and the defendant's prior
record, is called the
a. local legal culture.
b. going rate.
c. grouping.
d. local rate.
Males in the 16-24 age cohort are the group most likely to commit crimes.
a. True
b. False
Judge Brown has been a superior court judge for the past seven years. He was the first
one in his family to graduate college. He is running for reelection without his political
affiliation being identified. Even though he loves his job, he would love to have more
time in the courtroom instead of organizing schedules and budgets. Instead of trying
cases, he feels that he just works out agreements with the defense and the prosecution.
The way he sees it, at least a guilty plea acknowledges he is putting defendants away.
Judge Brown states that he spends significant hours organizing schedules and budgets.
When this occurs, he is assuming the duties of a(n)
a. administrator.
b. negotiator.
c. adjudicator.
d. reconciler.
When police arrest subway fare beaters, loiterers, and panhandlers, they are focusing on
_____ crimes.
a. quality-of-life
b. mens rea
c. quantity-of-arrest
d. common law
For the purpose of apprehending criminal offenders, which of the following is true
concerning weapons technology?
a. The U.S. Supreme Court forbids the use of nonlethal weapons against suspected
criminals.
b. Nonlethal weapons cannot be used against prisoners.
c. Nonlethal weapons would most likely be used on suspects who might be harmful to
themselves or others.
d. Nonlethal weapons are being developed for suspects who are not dangerous.
The possibility of an appeal encourages judges to be careless because they know any
improper ruling will be corrected at a future date.
a. True
b. False
Ryan is a district attorney in a small community. Ryan's best friend, Eric, happens to
work in the public defender's office. Both Ryan and Eric have a meeting tomorrow
morning with the superior court judge to discuss a case involving a sexual assault. The
victim in the case would prefer not to testify in this case. Luckily, Ryan and Eric have a
wonderful working relationship with the judge hearing the case. Both gentlemen are
actually looking forward to coming to an arrangement in this case and having lunch
afterward with the judge.
The arrangement that Ryan, Eric, and the judge are meeting to work on is a(n)
a. condition of probation.
b. parole meeting.
c. injunction.
d. plea bargain.
Which term is used to define a model of justice that focuses on repairing damage done
to the victim and the community?
a. Reparations
b. Rehabilitation
c. Retribution
d. Incapacitation
In their article entitled "Broken Windows: The Police and Neighborhood Safety," James
Q. Wilson and George Kelling argued that police should work more on
a. ending corruption within the police force.
b. being more involved with local political leaders.
c. the most significant problems, such as catching violent repeat offenders in the act.
d. the little problems such as maintaining order.
The largest group of attorneys in full-time criminal practice makes small fees for cases
either as retained or assigned counsel.
a. True
b. False
Officer Castro notices a car in front of him driving at a slow speed. The driver seems to
be driving erratically. Officer Castro activates his blue lights and attempts to pull the car
over. The driver continues to drive for approximately two additional miles before
pulling over. When Officer Castro slowly approaches the car, he smells what seems to
be a heavy odor of marijuana. The driver has dilated eyes and slurred speech. There are
four individuals in the car.
When Officer Castro pulled the car over after suspicious behavior, he encountered a
strong smell of a well-known drug that he has had significant experience with prior to
this case. The strong presence of the smell of this drug gives Officer Castro enough
________ to search the vehicle.
a. reasonable suspicion
b. hunch
c. probable cause
d. proof beyond a reasonable doubt
The U.S. Supreme Court created the inevitable discovery exception to the exclusionary
rule in the case of
a. Nix v. Williams (1980).
b. West Coast Hotel v. Parrish (1935).
c. Weeks v. U.S. (1914).
d. Brown v. Mississippi (1936).
Which special operational unit in a police department enforces laws against
prostitution?
a. Vice
b. Traffic
c. Patrol
d. Internal affairs
Which is not one of the three concepts on which parole rests?
a. Grace
b. Contract
c. Custody
d. Punishment
"Criminal behavior is rational" is a view held by those supporting a biological
explanation of crime.
a. True
b. False
New York City created the Commission to Combat Police Corruption that is a separate
entity from the department that investigates corruption.
a. True
b. False
The presence of a patrol officer in a community can be a major factor in reducing
crime.
a. True
b. False
The 'slow plea of guilty" occurs when decision makers have already made up their
minds about the case, but the defense attorney goes through the motions of putting up a
fight against the decision.
a. True
b. False
Repetitive victimization refers to individuals who are victimized by crime more than
once during a relatively brief period of time.
a. True
b. False
In Blackledge v. Allison (1976), Justice Potter Stewart argued that plea bargaining
benefits
a. only the defendant.
b. only the prosecutor.
c. only the judge.
d. all concerned in a criminal case.
The Fourth Amendment means nothing without the exclusionary rule.
a. True
b. False
Misdemeanors are serious crimes punishable by incarceration of more than one year in
prison.
a. True
b. False
A model that was based on the assumption that the goal of corrections should be to
reintegrate the offender into the community is referred to as the ________ model.
a. congregate
b. medical
c. rehabilitation
d. community corrections
Plea bargaining is also referred to as "copping out."
a. True
b. False
What makes the relationship between Ryan and Eric difficult sometime is that the trial
process is based upon
a. the adversary process.
b. currying the judge's favor.
c. being seen as team players.
d. the prosecutor'sdiscretion.
In 1285 in England, what was the system of policing called?
a. Metropolitan Police Act
b. Fielding Amendment
c. Progressives
d. Parish-constable watch system
In theory, juvenile proceedings are designed to be nonadversarial.
a. True
b. False
______________ explanations view the cause of criminal behavior from a mental
condition, a personality disturbance, or limited intellect
a. Biological
b. Psychological
c. Criminogenic
d. Sociological
Unlike regular police officers, juvenile officers exercise little discretion in processing
offenders.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is not a factor in sentencing decisions?
a. Attitudes and values of the judge
b. Conflicting goals of criminal justice
c. Administrative pressures
d. Community values
What are the five tests that are used to prove insanity in court.
Judges have an enormous amount of discretion in making decisions about pretrial
detention. In your opinion, is this harmful or helpful for defendants? Be sure to support
your answer with facts from class and the textbook.
What implications do new technologies have for police training?
Those who break the inmate code are labeled ______.
Some states have eliminated education programs for inmates in their prisons. What is
the purpose of such a policy? How might it affect crime rates?
Prisoners who are released from prison after serving the maximum sentence and cannot
be returned will receive a(n) _____ release.
Discuss how the National Prison Rape Elimination Commission has impacted the rights
and treatment of inmates.
A(n) ________ is a written order or summons, issued by a law enforcement officer,
often directing an alleged offender to appear in court at a specified time to answer a
criminal charge.
The _____ model emphasis reparation to the victim and the community, approaching
crime from a problem-solving perspective.
Describe the direction of community corrections.
______ is the formal government removal of an alien from the United States.
Why do victimless crimes pose a challenge for police corruption?
The different types of patrol are foot, bicycle, and ____________________ patrol.
Explain the duties and priorities of the FBI before and since 9/11.
A group of citizens that investigates behavior of police officers or a police department is
known as a(n) ____________________.
The ____________________ era of policing involved close ties between elected
officials and police.
The ________, the top law enforcement official in county government, historically was
an exceptionally important police official during the country's westward expansion and
continues to bear primary responsibility for many local jails.
