The juvenile justice system is primarily concerned with the interests and needs of:
a. the community.
b. the family.
c. society.
d. thechild.
What is another (politically sensitive) term used for “other conditional release”?
a. Mandatory parole
b. Mandatory release
c. Discretionary release
d. Discretionary parole
The bail bondsperson is a nonprofit actor within the criminal justice system.
a. True
b. False
Layer 2 of the criminal justice wedding cake model consists of violent crimes.
a. True
b. False
Under the ________ approach, the amount and kind of punishment are calculated to
discourage a criminal from repeating the offense.
a. incapacitation
b. rehabilitation
c. general deterrence
d. specific deterrence
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the death penalty, as administered, constituted cruel
and unusual punishment in the case of
a. Furman v. Georgia (1972).
b. Gregg v. Georgia (1976).
c. McCleskey v. Kemp (1987).
d. Payne v. Tennessee (1991).
Elizabeth is a middle-age female who was planning to purchase a new spring wardrobe
with her credit card. When she handed the salesperson her credit card, she was surprised
to find out that it was denied. Elizabeth had no idea how this could possibly have
happened. She has a $20,000 credit limit and currently has a zero balance. Elizabeth
realized that a crime had been committed against her.
The offender who committed identity theft against Elizabeth committed an act that
would be considered wrong just by the very nature of the act itself. This would also be
known as a ________ crime.
a. mala in se
b. mala prohibita
c. felony
d. misdemeanor
According to Miranda v. Arizona (1966), law enforcement must inform the individual
in custody of his or her right to an attorney.
a. True
b. False
Adrian has worked for two different municipal police department in the course of his
career due to a career move his wife made, which forced Adrian to move to a new state.
Adrian worked for the first department for 10 years. He enjoyed his position very much.
He felt very comfortable with his sergeant all they way up to the chief. They ran a very
professional department and executed many arrests for misdemeanors and traffic
violations. When Adrian switched to the department in his new state, he noticed a very
different style of policing. He was working in a nice suburban area, which required him
to answer calls that, he felt, were more social-service-type calls. This new department
forced him to develop a new style of policing.
Adrian mentions how he felt comfortable with his supervisors from the lowest rung to
the highest rung. This is known as the
a. chain of operations.
b. bureaucracy.
c. operations command.
d. chain of command.
Whichstatement is true about boot camps?
a. They significantly reduce recidivism.
b. They help to reduce prison overcrowding.
c. Graduates are less likely to commit new crimes.
d. There are more running every year.
Most parole officers have little difficulty in monitoring the behavior of parolees.
a. True
b. False
Defendants whose cases are processed through the lower court assembly line appear to
receive
a. severe punishment.
b. moderate punishment.
c. little or no punishment.
d. “just desserts” style punishment.
Marxism is an example of social conflict theory.
a. True
b. False
Politicians often try to be “tough on crime” without fully understanding the costs and
consequences of such policies.
a. True
b. False
Gangs based on race and ethnicity have become a serious problem within the prison
system.
a. True
b. False
One-third of all persons arrested by the police are members of which minority group?
a. African Americans
b. Native Americans
c. Hispanics
d. Caucasians
What is the major argument made by the police against police review boards?
a. The review boards frequently find against officers regardless of evidence.
b. Civilians cannot understand the problems of policing.
c. They should not have the power to investigate individual officers.
d. Only a few of the largest cities use review boards.
Citizens and their actions can prevent crime.
a. True
b. False
Even if a police officer is acting in the interests of public safety, he or she must obtain a
warrant before searching an area.
a. True
b. False
Few prisons have well-developed mental health treatment programs.
a. True
b. False
The UCR and NCVS do not provide a clear picture of the amount of crime because of
the differences in the way each of them measures crime.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is not a key issue in understanding the police subculture?
a. Working personality
b. Police morality
c. Isolation of the police
d. Acceptance of independent actions by other officers
The watchman style of policing stresses order maintenance.
a. True
b. False
How often cases are plea bargained?
a. Cases are never plea bargained.
b. Cases are seldom plea bargained.
c. Less than half of all cases are plea bargained.
d. Most cases are plea bargained.
James is a vice president of a local banking organization. He and his wife have been in
danger of foreclosure on their home after his wife lost her job last year. James recently
found out that he can transfer a small percentage of his client’s earnings into his own
account without drawing the attention of those in power at the organization. He has
been able to transfer enough money to break even on their mortgage. He is aware that
he is breaking the law; however, he does not see his crime as being on the same scale as
a violent crime. He is also aware that if he is caught, the criminal justice system will go
easy on him because he is a first-time offender.
James is quickly educated on how to navigate the court system. He is made aware that
the state must prove that he is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. This is known as the
_____ model.
a. crime control
b. due process
c. criminal justice
d. due justice
Roper v. Simmons (2005) ruled that _____ were unconstitutional for crimes committed
by those younger than 18 years of age.
a. parole boards
b. executions
c. life sentences
d. boot camps
Which is not a concept upon which parole is based?
a. Grace
b. Rehabilitation
c. Contract
d. Custody
Which is not a goal of a unified court system?
a. Eliminating overlapping boundaries
b. Creating a hierarchical court structure
c. Having courts funded by local government
d. Creating a centralized court structure
Most police work is reactive, which means police
a. respond to citizen calls for service.
b. initiate actions in the absence of citizen requests.
c. operate according to “hunches.”
d. stop crime before it happens.
Advocates of the community policing approach believe in focusing only on the most
serious crimes.
a. True
b. False
Punishment that uses imprisonment or execution to prevent a person from committing
additional crimes is called
a. incapacitation.
b. special deterrence.
c. rehabilitation.
d. retribution.
The _____________ model argues that where someone lives and how a person spends
leisure time determines the likelihood of becoming a victim of crime.
Discuss the policing and related activities undertaken by private-sector security
management.
Chief Justice ____________________ established the Miranda warnings.
The word _________ is derived from a French word, patrouiller, meaning “to tramp
about in the mud.”
Through the use of examples, discuss how do budget cuts on law enforcement agencies
have an impact on the role of police in the community.
A person who was forced to commit a crime will use the defense
of____________________.
Discuss two issues regarding how budget cuts increase the use of parole in some
jurisdictions.
The _____ model of corrections is based on the assumption that criminal behavior is
caused by biological influences.
________ is the unequal treatment of members of one demographic group by the
criminal justice system, compared with treatment accorded to members of other groups.
A prosecutor who believes his or her main function is to give legal advice so arrests will
stand up in court has taken on the role of _______ for the police.
The temporary release of an inmate for a visit home is called a(n) _______.
Though a majority of the populationin the United States, ______ form only a small
minority of the country’s prison population.
The argument that criminals are born criminals was purported by ___________.
During the 1960s and early 1970s, the ________ model was dominant.
A ________ is an attorney employed on a full-time, salaried basis by the government to
represent indigents.
The right of the accused to a speedy and public trial is found in the _____ Amendment.
We often think of the prosecutor and defense attorney as “adversaries” in the courtroom.
What benefits might we see if they work together as a team to process criminal cases?
The process of assigning an inmate to a category specifying the inmate’s needs for
security, education, and treatment is called ______.
This chapter began by discussing the changes in parole since the 1970s. It is very
difficult for offenders to be released when they are judged “ready” for release when job
training and education programs have been severely curtailed. In your opinion, what
might explain this trend and what are the greater social effects of these policies?