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True / False
1. Police officers can conduct a warrant search without probable cause.
a.
True
b.
False
2. The Fourth Amendment contains the unreasonable search and seizure clause.
a.
True
b.
False
3. Police officers can use stop and frisk suspects only if they have reasonable suspicion.
a.
True
b.
False
4. The Fourth Amendment requires that probable cause be established before a warrant is provided.
a.
True
b.
False
5. Police officers can rely on a variety of senses to justify a warrantless search.
a.
True
b.
False
6. Police cannot rely on smell as a sense in conducting a warrantless search.
a.
True
b.
False
7. The totality of circumstances test is used to determine if sufficient evidence exists for a search warrant.
a.
True
b.
False
8. Police officers need to obtain a warrant before searching the trunk of a car.
a.
True
b.
False
9. If a person is growing marijuana in plain sight, a police officer does not need a warrant to search and seize the
evidence.
a.
True
b.
False
10. In a pat-down by an officer, items that are identifiable by touch cannot be seized as evidence.
a.
True
b.
False
11. Consent searches are unconstitutional under the Third Amendment.
a.
True
b.
False
12. Police officers must provide Miranda warnings if they approach someone on the street and begin questioning.
a.
True
b.
False
13. Miranda warnings have had serious implications for law enforcement and the techniques used for interrogation.
a.
True
b.
False
14. Miranda warnings must be read to a suspect when he or she is taken into custody.
a.
True
b.
False
15. Police rarely use deception when interrogating a suspect.
a.
True
b.
False
16. Miranda warnings involve the right to counsel and the right to remain silent.
a.
True
b.
False
17. Miranda warnings were established by the U.S. Supreme Court in Weeks v. U.S. (1914).
a.
True
b.
False
18. The Fourth Amendment means nothing without the exclusionary rule.
a.
True
b.
False
19. Miranda warnings must be issued in written form and signed or initialed by the suspect.
a.
True
b.
False
20. Chief Justice Earl Warren established a strict code of conduct how police officers handle criminal defendants.
a.
True
b.
False
21. In Nix v. Williams (1984), the U.S. Supreme Court established the inevitable discovery exception to the exclusionary
rule.
a.
True
b.
False
22. The exclusionary rule increases the legal protection for criminal defendants.
a.
True
b.
False
23. If a police officer is acting in good faith, then he or she may use evidence obtained through the use of a defective
search warrant.
a.
True
b.
False
24. Even if a police officer is acting in the interests of public safety, he or she must obtain a warrant before searching an
area.
a.
True
b.
False
25. The Warren Court established that the exclusionary rule applied to the states.
a.
True
b.
False
26. When officers are in hot pursuit of a fleeing suspected felon, they need to stop to seek a warrant and thereby risk
permitting the suspect to get away.
a.
True
b.
False
27. If an individual consents to a search, officers do not need probable cause or any level of suspicion to justify the search.
a.
True
b.
False
28. Unexplained bulges in clothing or awkwardness in walking are examples of behavioral analysis.
a.
True
b.
False
29. A stop is defined as a brief interference with a person’s freedom of movement.
a.
True
b.
False
30. According to Miranda v. Arizona (1966), law enforcement must inform the individual in custody of his or her right to
an attorney.
a.
True
b.
False
31. The Supreme Court ruled in Chimel v. California (1969) that in order to preserve evidence and protect the safety of
the officer and the public after a lawful arrest, the arrestee and the immediate area around the arrestee may be searched for
weapons and criminal evidence.
a.
True
b.
False
32. According to Pennsylvania Board of Pardons and Parole v. Scott (1998), improperly obtained evidence cannot be
used at parole revocation proceedings.
a.
True
b.
False
33. In Nix v. Williams (1984), the U.S. Supreme Court agreed that improperly obtained evidence can be used when it
would later have been inevitably discovered without improper actions by the police.
a.
True
b.
False
34. The exclusionary rule does not necessarily require that cases against defendants be dismissed when constitutional
rights have been violated.
a.
True
b.
False
35. If an individual voluntarily stops to speak with an officer, he is not been “seized,” because he is free to move along
whenever he chooses.
a.
True
b.
False
36. Court decisions have established that police dogs that sniff luggage in public places are not conducting searches and
therefore are not subject to the requirements of the Fourth Amendment.
a.
True
b.
False
37. Stops must be justified by probable cause.
a.
True
b.
False
38. An arrest would be an example of a seizure.
a.
True
b.
False
39. The Fourth Amendment requires that reasonable suspicion be established before a warrant is provided.
a.
True
b.
False
40. A police officer would likely need a warrant for searches not conducted in plain view.
a.
True
b.
False
41. Searches are not permissible if a police helicopter flies overhead and witnesses illegal activity.
a.
True
b.
False
42. A pat-down by an officer is not considered a warrantless search.
a.
True
b.
False
43. One feature of the Miranda rules is that defendants have a right to have an attorney.
a.
True
b.
False
44. The Mapp v. Ohio (1961) case forced the exclusionary rule to apply to both federal and state cases.
a.
True
b.
False
45. A brief interference with a person’s freedom of movement of the duration that can be measured in minutes is called
a(n)
a.
search.
b.
stop.
c.
arrest.
d.
interrogation.
46. A significant deprivation of liberty because a person is taken into police custody, transported to the police station or
jail, and processed into the criminal justice system is called a(n)
a.
search.
b.
stop.
c.
arrest.
d.
interrogation.
47. In what circumstance is the totality of circumstances used?
a.
To determine whether an offender is guilty
b.
To determine whether to indict a suspect
c.
To determine whether probable cause exists
d.
To determine whether police acted appropriately
48. Which doctrine permits officers to notice and use as evidence the items that are visible to them when they are in a
location that they are permitted to be in?
a.
Plain view doctrine
b.
Public safety doctrine
c.
Exigent circumstances doctrine
d.
Stop and frisk doctrine
49. Which is a sense that cannot be used to justify a warrantless search?
a.
Touch
b.
Sound
c.
Sight
d.
Intuition
50. In what case did the U.S. Supreme Court decide that the plain view doctrine permits the officers to notice and use as
evidence the items that are visible to them when they are in a location that they are permitted to be in?
a.
Coolidge v. New Hampshire (1971)
b.
Hester v. U.S. (1924)
c.
Minnesota v. Dickerson (1993)
d.
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
51. The U.S. Supreme Court developed the stop-and-frisk exception, whereby a police officer could pat down a suspicious
person without a warrant, in the landmark case of
a.
Mapp v. Ohio (1961).
b.
Terry v. Ohio (1968).
c.
Chimel v. California (1969).
d.
Miranda v. Arizona (1966).
52. What is the purpose of allowing searches after lawful arrests?
a.
To ensure the safety of officers
b.
To make sure the arrestee does not flee
c.
To ensure the arrestee shows the proper respect to the police
d.
To make sure the arrest proceeds smoothly
53. Which is false concerning search warrants?
a.
Police officers must provide reliable information when obtaining a search warrant.
b.
Police officers must identify the “things” to be searched.
c.
Police officers are allowed to conduct warrantless searches under certain circumstances.
d.
Police officers do need a search warrant, even if a person waives his or her Fourth Amendment rights.
54. According to U.S. v. Drayton (2002), police officers
a.
must notify citizens that they have the right to say “no” to a search.
b.
must notify citizens of their right against self-incrimination.
c.
must notify citizens of their right to an attorney.
d.
are not obligated to notify citizens that they have a right to say “no” to a search.
55. Which is contained in the Fourth Amendment?
a.
Right to bear arms
b.
Privilege against self-incrimination
c.
Right to an attorney
d.
Warrant clause
56. The U.S. Supreme Court established that criminal defendants must be read their rights in
a.
Mapp v. Ohio (1961).
b.
Terry v. Ohio (1968).
c.
Chimel v. California (1969).
d.
Miranda v. Arizona (1966).
57. Which of the following is contained in the Fifth Amendment?
a.
Right to counsel
b.
Right to remain silent
c.
Free speech clause
d.
Warrant clause
58. Which is not part of the Miranda warnings?
a.
The right to an attorney during interrogation
b.
The right to remain silent
c.
The notice that any statement that you decide to make can be used against you in court
d.
The right to a speedy trial
59. Miranda rights are drawn from the
a.
Fourth and Fifth Amendments.
b.
Fifth and Sixth Amendments.
c.
Seventh and Eighth Amendments.
d.
Eighth and Ninth Amendments.
60. Miranda warnings involve all of the following except:
a.
the right to an attorney.
b.
the right to remain silent.
c.
the exclusion of statements made that can be used against a suspect.
d.
the right to sound legal advice.
61. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that statements produced after police assaulted suspects were inadmissible in
a.
Myers v. U.S. (1923).
b.
West Coast Hotel v. Parrish (1935).
c.
Chimel v. California (1969).
d.
Brown v. Mississippi (1936).
62. Which two decisions by the U.S. Supreme Court laid the foundation for Miranda v. Arizona (1966)?
a.
Escobedo v. Illinois (1964) and Massiah v. U. S. (1964)
b.
Mapp v. Ohio (1961) and Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
c.
Wolf v. Colorado (1949) and Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
d.
Wolf v. Colorado (1949) and Rochin v. California (1952)
63. When an urgent situation of significant social importance outweighs the necessity of respecting individuals’ rights,
this is referred to as the _______ exception.
a.
plain view
b.
public safety
c.
exigent circumstances
d.
stop-and-frisk
64. Who wrote the U.S. Supreme Court’s opinion in Miranda v. Arizona (1966)?
a.
Hugo Black
b.
William Brennan
c.
Earl Warren
d.
Thurgood Marshall
65. The U.S. Supreme Court recently repeated its endorsement of the Miranda requirements in
a.
Kyllo v. U.S. (2001).
b.
Maryland v. Wilson (1997).
c.
Dickerson v. U.S. (2000).
d.
Romer v. Evans (1995).
66. The U.S. Supreme Court applied the Fourth Amendment to the states in
a.
Mapp v. Ohio (1961).
b.
Terry v. Ohio (1968).
c.
Chimel v. California (1969).
d.
Wolf v. Colorado (1949).
67. Which statement is true concerning the U.S. Supreme Court’s treatment of the exclusionary rule in the 1980s?
a.
The Court expanded the rule to protect criminal defendants.
