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responding to the demands of
a.
congress.
b.
law enforcement.
c.
voters.
d.
federal prosecutors.
66. _______ is a specific act of commission or omission in violation of the law, for which a punishment is prescribed.
a.
Crime
b.
Justice
c.
Evidence-based practice
d.
Behavior
67. _______ refers to priorities and actions developed by the government to use public resources as a means to deal with
issues affecting society.
a.
Public policy
b.
Justice
c.
Evidence-based practice
d.
Behavior
68. The organization _______ was formed because of a mother’s heartbreak after the death of her daughter due to a drunk
driver.
a.
MADD
b.
Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence
c.
SADD
d.
BADD
69. Serious crimes that usually carry a penalty of incarceration for more than 1 year or the death penalty are
a.
misdemeanors.
b.
felonies.
c.
visible crimes.
d.
violent crimes.
70. Which of the following types of crime includes homicide, assault, and rape?
a.
Visible crime
b.
Property crime
c.
Organized crime
d.
Victimless crime
Sherry is a 40-year-old white female who frequently participates in prostitution to earn money for her crack habit. She
was raised in a single-parent home and has been selling herself for the last 18 years. She has been arrested several times
and has no hope that she can make a better life for herself.
71. Sherry willingly participates in prostitution and feels as though her actions should not be considered criminal. Which
type of crime does Sherry participate in?
a.
Victimless crime
b.
Political crime
c.
Occupation crime
d.
Organized crime
72. Sherry is arrested for possession with intent to sell after being picked up for prostitution. The judge agrees to a plea
bargain that requires Sherry to plead guilty to all charges, with a 5-year prison sentence. She is pushed quickly through
the court system. This is an example of the ______ model?
a.
Crime control
b.
Due process
c.
evidence-based
d.
justice-based
73. One night, during a planned meeting with one of Sherry’s “clients,” she is raped, sexually assaulted, and robbed.
Sherry does not call and report the crime to law enforcement because of her history. This encounter is an example of the
_______ figure of crime.
a.
criminal
b.
statistical
c.
dark
d.
true
74. Sherry’s crime is a questionable crime by many who feel that prostitution is not wrong in and of itself, or a
a.
mala prohibita.
b.
mala in se.
c.
a felony.
d.
a misdemeanor.
75. Frustrated by the police constantly harassing her, Sherry decides take active measures by targeting local officials with
similar treatment. Sherry goes too far, however and kills the city mayor. Which type of crime would this be?
a.
Victimless crime
b.
Political crime
c.
Occupation crime
d.
Organized crime
James is a vice president of a local banking organization. He and his wife have been in danger of foreclosure on their
home after his wife lost her job last year. James recently found out that he can transfer a small percentage of his client’s
earnings into his own account without drawing the attention of those in power at the organization. He has been able to
transfer enough money to break even on their mortgage. He is aware that he is breaking the law; however, he does not see
his crime as being on the same scale as a violent crime. He is also aware that if he is caught, the criminal justice system
will go easy on him because he is a first-time offender.
76. When James walked into his office on Wednesday morning, he was met by his supervisor and law enforcement. What
type of crime did James participate in?
a.
Organized crime
b.
Political crime
c.
Victimless crime
d.
Occupational crime
77. When caught, James admitted to stealing approximately $100,000 from his employer over the past year through
financial deception. This is what Edwin Sutherland referred to as ______ crime.
a.
organized
b.
felony
c.
white-collar
d.
white criminal
78. The bank where James worked fails as a result of his criminal activity and the bank president commits suicide. An
outraged public demands justice and James is then charged with manslaughter. This is an example of the ________
model.
a.
crime control
b.
due process
c.
criminal justice
d.
due justice
79. James is quickly educated on how to navigate the court system. He is made aware that the state must prove that he is
guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. This is known as the _____ model.
a.
crime control
b.
due process
c.
criminal justice
d.
due justice
Elizabeth is a middle-age female who was planning to purchase a new spring wardrobe with her credit card. When she
handed the salesperson her credit card, she was surprised to find out that it was denied. Elizabeth had no idea how this
could possibly have happened. She has a $20,000 credit limit and currently has a zero balance. Elizabeth realized that a
crime had been committed against her.
80. Identity theft is an example of a ______ crime.
a.
mala in se
b.
a public
c.
e pluribus prohibita.
d.
mala prohibita
81. The offender who committed identity theft against Elizabeth committed an act that would be considered wrong just by
the very nature of the act itself. This would also be known as a ________ crime.
a.
mala in se
b.
mala prohibita
c.
felony
d.
misdemeanor
82. Elizabeth was a victim of crime involving the use of computers and the Internet to commit criminal acts, which is
referred to as
a.
cybercrime.
b.
identify theft.
c.
organized crime.
d.
political crime.
83. Credit card fraud, such as what Elizabeth suffered, is responsible for merchant losses of _____ per year.
a.
$1 million
b.
$10 million
c.
$1 billion
d.
$10 billion
84. Elizabeth was most likely the victim of identity theft perpetrated by
a.
a transnational crime syndicate.
b.
local criminal element.
c.
organized crime.
d.
possibly all of the above
85. Which of the following would not be considered a feature of the crime control model?
a.
Viewed as the “assembly line model”
b.
Stresses repression of crime and order as values
c.
Emphasizes speed, efficiency, and finality
d.
Stresses individual freedom and law as values
86. Which of the following would not be considered a feature of the due process model?
a.
Viewed as the “assembly line model”
b.
Emphasizes the adversarial process, rights of defendants, and formal decision-making
procedures.
c.
Viewed as the “obstacle course model”
d.
Stresses individual freedom and law as values
87. Which of the following statements is false about citizens and the criminal justice policy?
a.
Criminal justice policy is best viewed passively by citizens in a democracy.
b.
Formal organizations, community groups, neighborhood associations, and church groups, are
examples of citizen efforts to influence public policy.
c.
Americans should not view themselves as passive observers of criminal justice policy
d.
Democracies present opportunities for citizens to go beyond merely voting and to act directly to
affect policy decisions
88. Contemporary criminal justice policies
a.
are often developed based upon differing ideological differences of conservatives and liberals.
b.
frequently find liberals advocating for stricter enforcement of law.
c.
involve the expansion of law enforcement and swift punishment, and are usually advocated by
liberals.
d.
often satisfy both competing ideologies.
89. The ____________________ model emphasizes efficiency and the capacity to catch offenders.
90. The ____________________ model asserts freedom is so important that every effort must be made to ensure that
criminal justice decisions are based upon reliable information.
91. According to your text, examples of ____________________ crimes include gambling, prostitution, and drug use.
92. Crimes that are prohibited by government but are not wrong by nature are called ____________________.
93. Crimes that are wrong by nature are called ____________________.
94. ____________________ crimes are committed in the context of a legal business or profession.
95. ____________________ crimes are committed for ideological purposes.
96. Offenders convicted of ____________________ may receive a penalty of up to 1 year in jail.
97. The ____________________ measures crime based on the counts from police departments.
98. The _________________________ measures crime using interviews with victims.
99. Edwin Sutherland developed the concept of ____________________ crime.
100. ____________________ refers to a framework within which criminal acts are committed, rather than referring to the
acts themselves.
101. ____________________ is often referred to as “street crime.”
102. The large numbers of crimes that are not reported are called the ____________________ of crime.
103. One example of __________________ is when neighborhood citizens volunteer to walk students to school, as done
in Operation Safe Passage.
104. The growth of global transportation systems, international trade, computerized financial transactions, and worldwide
availability of information through the Internet facilitated the expansion of the international economy. Simultaneously,
these factors provided the basis for __________ crime.
105. Those who participate in organized crime often move their criminal activities through a maze of businesses, banks,
and brokerage accounts through the act of___________.
106. The theft of social security numbers, credit card numbers, and other information in order to secure loans, withdraw
bank funds, and purchase merchandise while posing as someone else is known as __________.
107. Issued each year by the FBI, the _____________________ is a statistical summary of crimes reported to the police.
108. Policies developed through guidance from research studies that demonstrate which approaches are most useful and
cost-effective for advancing desired goals are known as _______________.
109. The United States crime and justice are addressed as matters of ____ ____.
110. ___________ generally believe in stricter enforcement of law and expansion of law enforcement and swift
punishment.
111. ______ is type of crime is often referred to as “street crime” or “ordinary crime” and is normally most upsetting to
the public.
112. It has been suggested that politicians “propose laws without carefully studying” the crimes those laws are meant to
address. What is the effect of this on American society?
113. Would the abuse of a suspect in a police station be considered an occupational crime or a visible crime?
Occupational crimes can be committed “through the exercise of government authority.” Does this mean we blame the
government or the individual for such an offense?
114. Why do some researchers believe that the crime rate declined in the 1990s because of the Supreme Court decision on
abortion? Do you agree with this theory?
115. Some have argued that offenses that are mala prohibita should be illegal because they lead to crimes considered to be
mala in se. Give an example of one type of crime that can lead to another. Which type of crime should we be more
worried about?
116. Should the acts of terrorism committed in Oklahoma City and on 9/11 be considered organized crime or terrorism?
Does it matter how we define these acts? If so, why?
117. Why might Americans believe there is a serious crime problem in the United States, when in fact crime rates have
been steadily decreasing?
118. Some states have eliminated education programs for inmates in their prisons. What is the purpose of such a policy?
How might it affect crime rates?
119. We often think of the prosecutor and defense attorney as “adversaries” in the courtroom. What benefits might we see
if they work together as a team to process criminal cases?
120. How do budget cuts influence the approaches to crime and crime rates within the criminal justice system?
121. What is cybercrime, and how does it pose challenges to Americans as victims, as well as law enforcement agencies
in detecting it?
122. Discuss the differences between the crime control and due process models of criminal justice.
