b.
The Court abolished the rule.
c.
The Court created exceptions to limit the applicability of the rule.
d.
The Court did not change the rule in terms of its application.
c
The Exclusionary Rule
68. Which Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court began to create exceptions to the exclusionary rule?
a.
Earl Warren
b.
Warren Burger
c.
Harlan Stone
d.
William Howard Taft
The Exclusionary Rule
69. Many police actions fall under the ______ Amendment.
a.
b.
c.
d.
a
Legal Limitations on Police Investigations
70. The U.S. Supreme Court created the exclusionary rule in the case of
a.
Mapp v. Ohio (1961).
b.
Miranda v. Arizona (1966).
c.
Minnesota v. Dickerson (1993).
d.
Weeks v. U.S.(1914).
The Exclusionary Rule
71. The U.S. Supreme Court created the inevitable discovery exception to the exclusionary rule in the case of
a.
Nix v. Williams (1980).
b.
West Coast Hotel v. Parrish (1935).
c.
Weeks v. U.S. (1914).
d.
Brown v. Mississippi (1936).
The Exclusionary Rule
72. The U.S. Supreme Court created the good faith exception in the case of
a.
Nix v. Williams (1980).
b.
Hester v. U.S. (1924).
c.
Texas v. Johnson (1989).
d.
U.S. v. Leon (1984).
The Exclusionary Rule
applies
73. Which of the following does not allow the use of the exclusionary rule?
a.
Murder trial
b.
Federal court
c.
State court with no appellate system
d.
Grand jury proceeding
The Exclusionary Rule
74. How did the U.S. Supreme Court rule in the recent Arizona v. Gant case on searches?
a.
It upheld the ruling of the Arizona Supreme Court that the search of Gant’s vehicle was an unreasonable
search.
b.
It reversed the ruling of the Arizona Supreme Court and upheld the search by officers as reasonable.
c.
It did not rule on the issue, but remanded the case back the Arizona State Supreme Court.
d.
It upheld the ruling of the Arizona Supreme Court that the search was a reasonable search.
Warrantless Searches
75. In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court conclude that a suspect being questioned cannot assert his or her right to
remain silent by remaining silent in the face of continued questioning by the officer?
a.
Roper v. Simmons
b.
Berghuis v. Thompson
c.
Florida v. Powell
d.
New York v. Quarles
Questioning Suspects
incrimination
76. Based on the ruling set forth in Berghuis v. Thompson, what must a suspect do to end questioning?
a.
Immediately remain silent.
b.
Immediately state that he or she is asserting the right to remain silent.
c.
Answer some questions and not others.
d.
Request additional time to respond at a later point.
Questioning Suspects
incrimination
77. According to the ___________ doctrine, officers are permitted to search and to seize evidence, without a warrant, on
private property beyond the area immediately surrounding the house.
a.
plain view
b.
plain feel
c.
open fields
d.
seizure
c
Plain View Doctrine
78. Terry v. Ohio permitted officers the ability to pat down clothing of people on the streets if there is reasonable
suspicion of dangerous criminal activity, which is referred to as a ________ search.
a.
stop-and-frisk
b.
stop-and-pat down
c.
stop-and-seize
d.
stop-and-interrogate
a
Warrantless Searches
79. Which of the following is not a factor in determining if suspicion exists to justify a search by a Custom and Border
Patrol officer?
a.
Behavioral analysis
b.
Observational techniques
c.
Native language
d.
K-9 Unit
c
Warrantless Searches
without obtaining a warrant
Officer Castro notices a car in front of him driving at a slow speed. The driver seems to be driving erratically. Officer
Castro activates his blue lights and attempts to pull the car over. The driver continues to drive for approximately two
additional miles before pulling over. When Officer Castro slowly approaches the car, he smells what seems to be a heavy
odor of marijuana. The driver has dilated eyes and slurred speech. There are four individuals in the car.
80. Officer Castro required that the car in question be pulled over. Typically, this could be considered a(n)
a.
search.
b.
seizure.
c.
interrogation.
d.
arrest.
Legal Limitations on Police Investigations
people and their vehicles.
81. Officer Castro intended for this traffic stop to be a brief seizure, which would be considered a(n)
a.
stop.
b.
search.
c.
arrest.
d.
interrogation.
a
Legal Limitations on Police Investigation
82. When Officer Castro pulled the car over after suspicious behavior, he encountered a strong smell of a well-known
drug that he has had significant experience with prior to this case. The strong presence of the smell of this drug gives
Officer Castro enough ________ to search the vehicle.
a.
reasonable suspicion
b.
hunch
c.
probable cause
d.
proof beyond a reasonable doubt
c
Legal Limitations on Police Investigations
83. Officer Castro would not need probable cause to search the vehicle if the driver gave Officer Castro permission to
search. This would be known as a(n) _________ search.
a.
exigent circumstances
b.
plain view
c.
stop-and-frisk
d.
consent
Warrantless Searches
84. Officer Castro would like to look inside the car. He could legally enter the car without a warrant by
a.
claiming nonexigent circumstances
b.
calling for backup as he examines the inside of the car.
c.
demanding the driver to let him in.
d.
wanting to see the vehicle registration number.
Warrantless Searches
Detective Smith is working on an active sexual assault case. She has just recently received DNA results back from the
lab. The results specifically pinpoint the person of interest as the suspect. Detective Smith has obtained an arrest warrant
and is hoping that the suspect will give a full confession.
85. Detective Smith is going to take the suspect into custody, where he feels as though he is not free to leave. Detective
Smith is making a(n)
a.
affidavit.
b.
arrest.
c.
search.
d.
warrant.
Legal Limitations on Police Investigations
86. Detective Smith must inform the suspect of his right to have an attorney present during the interrogation. The U.S.
Supreme Court guaranteed this right in which ruling?
a.
Mapp v. Ohio
b.
Wren v. United States
c.
Miranda v. Arizona
d.
Michigan v. Long
c
Questioning Suspects
incrimination
87. The suspect can claim his constitutional right against ____________ when Detective Smith interrogates him.
a.
questioning
b.
searches
c.
seizures
d.
self-incrimination
Questioning Suspects
88. Detective Smith obtained a search warrant based on probable cause. The information most pertinent to the issuance of
the search warrant was likely the
a.
expectation of a confession.
b.
DNA evidence.
c.
the officer’s good-standing with the judge.
d.
past criminal history of the suspect.
Legal Limitations on Police Investigations
Officer Goldman responds to a call of an active shooter during a home invasion at a local residence. Officer Goldman
arrives on the scene and quickly surveys the residence. He and his partner immediately enter the home and see the
suspect. They command the suspect to drop his weapon, and the suspect responds by dropping the weapon. Officer
Goldman arrests the suspect and searches him.
89. Officer Goldman immediately entered the home without obtaining a warrant. He was allowed to do this based on the
requirement of
a.
consent.
b.
exigent circumstances.
c.
arrest.
d.
seizure.
Warrantless Searches
90. Once the suspect is taken into custody, Officer Goldman immediately searches him. He is allowed to do this without a
warrant due to:
a.
search incident to a lawful arrest.
b.
consent.
c.
exigent circumstances.
d.
the exclusionary rule.
a
Warrantless Searches
without obtaining a warrant
91. After the suspect was taken into custody and the victims were taken to receive medical care, Officer Goldman’s
partners most likely would need to obtain a(n) _________ to collect all the remaining evidence to prosecute the case.
a.
arrest warrant
b.
search warrant
c.
clearance waiver
d.
consent waiver
Legal Limitations on Police Investigations
92. Which aspect of the law allowed the officer to enter the house?
a.
A warrant.
b.
Probable cause.
c.
Reasonable suspicion.
d.
Just cause.
Legal Limitations on Police Investigations
93. Which is true concerning search warrants?
a.
Police officers must provide reliable information when obtaining a search warrant.
b.
Police must show probable cause.
c.
Judges issue search warrants based on information provided by the police.
d.
All of the above are true.
Legal Limitations on Police Investigations
94. Under the plain view doctrine, there is a lost expectation of _______ when items are in plain sight.
a.
innocence
b.
suspicion
c.
privacy
d.
freedom
c
Plain View Doctrine
backyards to see if evidence of a crime exists there.
95. In order for an officer to arrest a suspect, the officer must have
a.
a warrant.
b.
probable cause.
c.
reasonable suspicion.
d.
just cause.
Legal Limitations on Police Investigations
96. Police officers must establish ____________________ to obtain a warrant.
probable cause
Legal Limitations on Police Investigations
97. Criminal defendants’ rights are found in the ____________________.
Bill of Rights
Legal Limitations on Police Investigations
people and their vehicles.
98. The search and seizure clause is found in the ____________________ Amendment.
Legal Limitations on Police Investigations
99. ____________________ are actions by law enforcement officials that intrude upon people’s reasonable expectations
of privacy.
Legal Limitations on Police Investigations
100. The ____________________ permits officers to notice and use as evidence the items that are visible to them.
plain view doctrine
Plain View Doctrine
101. The ____________________ gives property owners no reasonable expectation of privacy in fields on and around
their property.
102. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that officers are permitted to intrude on private lands that are open areas in the case of
____________________.
103. The stop-and-frisk exception is considered a(n) ____________________ search.
104. If a person waives his or her Fourth Amendment rights, this is referred to as a(n) ____________________ search.
105. If a person is placed under arrest, then he or she forfeits his or her Fourth Amendment rights. This is called
____________________.
106. The U.S. Supreme Court created the stop-and-frisk exception in ____________________.
107. Chief Justice ____________________ established the Miranda warnings.
108. If citizens are not free to leave when officers assert their authority to stop someone, this is considered
____________________.
109. ____________________ means that the officers acted with the honest belief that they were following the proper
rules and therefore are not subject to the exclusionary rule.
110. When improperly obtained evidence is used because the evidence would later have been discovered anyway, even
without improper actions by the police, this is called the ____________________.
111. Officers can make an arrest without a warrant when there are ____________, which means that officers are in the
middle of an urgent situation in which they must act swiftly and do not have time to go to court to seek a warrant.
112. During a traffic stop, officers can order passengers as well as the driver to exit the vehicle even if there is no basis for
_______ that the passengers are engaged in any wrongdoing.
113. When ___________ is in jeopardy, police may question a suspect in custody without providing the Miranda
warnings.
114. A(n) _________ is a written statement of fact, supported by oath or affirmation, submitted to the judicial officers to
fulfill the requirements of probable cause for obtaining a warrant.
115. Individuals’ ____________ is a standard developed for determining whether a government intrusion of a person or
property constitutes a search because it interferes with individual interests that are normally protected from government
intrusion.
116. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in _______________ that when officers act in good faith reliance on computerized
records concerning outstanding warrants, evidence found in a search incident to arrest is admissible even if the arrest was
based on an erroneous record that wrongly indicated the existence of a warrant.
117. The Bill of Rights is found in the __________.
118. For a warrant to be issued the officer must be willing to swear by oath or affirmation, often accomplished through the
use of an _______.
119. ___________ permits an officer to search based on the officer’s sense of touch.
120. Compare and contrast the plain view doctrine and the open fields doctrine. What is the key difference between them?
121. Do the constitutional rights of citizens “tie the hands” of police investigation to a significant degree? Defend your
position.
122. Elaborate through the use of examples, three instances in which officers would not need a warrant to
search.
123. Explain how the U.S. Supreme Court has changed the interpretation of the Fourth Amendment.
124. Explain the process that a law enforcement officer would have to go through in order to secure a warrant to search a
residence.
125. Explain the inevitable discovery exception as it relates to Nix v. Williams (1984).
126. Explain the good faith exception to the exclusionary rule.
127. When an officer stops a car and it becomes necessary to search, how extensively can the officer search the vehicle?
What are the parameters that the officer must abide by?
128. Explain the Miranda warnings and what the significance is behind the use of the warnings in interrogations.
129. Compare and contrast the plain view doctrine and warrantless searches through the use of examples. What is the key
difference between them?
130. What is the exclusionary rule and in what situations does it apply?