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True / False
1. Contemporary prisoners are more likely to come from urban areas and to have been convicted of drug offenses than
prisoners in the past.
a.
True
b.
False
2. In the traditional prison of the big house era, rehabilitation was the primary goal.
a.
True
b.
False
3. Racial conflict is not a problem in most U.S. prisons.
a.
True
b.
False
4. There has been a major increase in African American prisoners during the past 30 years.
a.
True
b.
False
5. The dominant purpose of a prison is maintaining secure custody of offenders.
a.
True
b.
False
6. The prison culture for both men and women involves inmates adopting roles as surrogate families for other inmates.
a.
True
b.
False
7. Given adequate financial resources, most experts believe that prisons should include programs that improve the lives of
inmates, such as vocational training, remedial education, and work opportunities.
a.
True
b.
False
8. Correctional officers can gain cooperation from prisoners through rewards and punishments.
a.
True
b.
False
9. Correctional officers have few resources or punishments at their disposal to achieve institutional goals.
a.
True
b.
False
10. Female correctional officers can only work with female inmates.
a.
True
b.
False
11. There has been an increase in the number of elderly prisoners over the age of 55.
a.
True
b.
False
12. More mentally ill persons are in state hospitals than in prisons and jails.
a.
True
b.
False
13. Prisoners serve shorter sentences in the United States in comparison to other Western nations.
a.
True
b.
False
14. Few prisons have well-developed mental health treatment programs.
a.
True
b.
False
15. Most inmates serve their terms in isolation cells.
a.
True
b.
False
16. “Jailing” is a term used to describe inmates who try to take advantage of prison programs to better themselves.
a.
True
b.
False
17. In recent years, the number of goods that a prisoner can obtain through legal channels has increased in many prisons.
a.
True
b.
False
18. Women now comprise nearly one-quarter of the entire U.S. prison population.
a.
True
b.
False
19. In some states, it is not illegal for correctional officers to have sex with inmates.
a.
True
b.
False
20. Female prisoners have higher levels of violence than male prisoners.
a.
True
b.
False
21. State legislators always support increases in funding for educational programs within the prison system because of
their success in reducing recidivism.
a.
True
b.
False
22. Prisoners can receive federal funding for postsecondary education.
a.
True
b.
False
23. The classification of inmates and assignment to various prison programs is always tailored to serve the needs of the
individual inmate.
a.
True
b.
False
24. Gangs based on race and ethnicity have become a serious problem within the prison system.
a.
True
b.
False
25. The architectural design of a prison can influence the nature of interactions, including opportunities for violence.
a.
True
b.
False
26. The Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA) enacted by Congress in 2004 establishes a zero-tolerance standard for the
incidence of rape in prison.
a.
True
b.
False
27. The reintegration model is not linked to the structures and goals of community corrections.
a.
True
b.
False
28. Working in the context of prison management refers to keeping inmates secure.
a.
True
b.
False
29. It is illegal in modern prisons to separate inmates by race, ethnicity, age, and gang affiliation.
a.
True
b.
False
30. Many states have targeted women and minorities for hiring as correctional officers.
a.
True
b.
False
31. The convict world has its own norms and values, often described as the "cone of silence.”
a.
True
b.
False
32. Women constitute 7% of the entire U.S. prison population.
a.
True
b.
False
33. Which is true concerning the history of American correctional institutions?
a.
Correctional institutions in the United States have remained constant over time from place to place.
b.
Fictional depictions of prisons have been relatively accurate.
c.
Counselors and teachers have always been a major part of prison life.
d.
It was common in the South for prisoners to work outside as farm laborers.
34. Which is true regarding the change in the prison population during the last 30 years?
a.
There has been a decrease in the number of African Americans.
b.
There has been a decrease in the number of Hispanics.
c.
There has been no change in the number of Hispanics.
d.
There has been an increase in the number of both African Americans and Hispanics.
35. Problems faced by the modern prison system in America include which of the following?
a.
Overcrowding
b.
Legal issues
c.
Racial conflicts
d.
All of the above.
36. In the past two decades the number of persons in prison has
a.
stayed the same.
b.
greatly increased.
c.
greatly decreased.
d.
slightly increased.
37. The model of corrections that emphasizes maintaining the offender’s ties to the family and community as a method of
reform is called the _____ model.
a.
custodial
b.
rehabilitation
c.
reintegration
d.
family
38. The three lines of staff in a prison are
a.
custody, work, and treatment.
b.
custody, work, and safety.
c.
custody, treatment, and safety.
d.
treatment, safety, and rewards.
39. Which Western nation has the most prisoners serving long-term sentences?
a.
Canada
b.
United States
c.
Germany
d.
France
40. Which is not true concerning prison managers?
a.
They cannot select their own clients.
b.
They do not control the release of their clients.
c.
They rely on clients to do most of the work.
d.
They are not dependent on maintenance of satisfactory relationships between clients and staff.
41. Which type of prison staff is the most numerous?
a.
Wardens
b.
Custodial employees
c.
Investigators
d.
Counselors
42. According to John DiIulio, what three elements are characteristic of the quality of prisoners’ lives in a good prison?
a.
Discipline, punishment, and silence
b.
Fun, peace, and entertainment
c.
Order, amenities, and services
d.
Entertainment, democracy, and free movement
43. Which is true concerning the authority of prison officials?
a.
The authority of prison officials is unlimited.
b.
The authority of prison officials is limited.
c.
Prison officials have no authority.
d.
The authority of prison officials is limited in state prisons, but unlimited in federal prisons.
44. Which factor distinguishes the governing of prisons from the administration of other public institutions?
a.
The defects of power of authority figures
b.
Unlimited rewards used by authorities
c.
Independence of correctional officers and inmates
d.
Weak inmate leadership
45. The factors of total power, rewards and punishments, exchange relationships, and inmate leadership
a.
exist in only a few prisons.
b.
exist only in state prisons.
c.
exist only in federal prisons.
d.
make prisons more difficult to govern than other institutions.
46. Which could legally be withheld or granted as rewards to prisoners?
a.
Food
b.
Medical care
c.
Water
d.
“Good-time” credits
47. What strategy do corrections officers employ to gain voluntary cooperation from prisoners?
a.
Brute force
b.
Withholding food
c.
Flexible enforcement of rules
d.
Rigid enforcement of rules
48. Which is true concerning inmate leadership?
a.
Officials were more successful at using inmate leaders to maintain order in the traditional prison of the big
house era.
b.
Officials are more successful today in using inmate leaders to maintain order than in the past.
c.
Officials have easily manipulated inmate leaders to maintain order in the big house era as well as the modern
era of today.
d.
Officials never seek to gain cooperation from inmate leaders.
49. Often a primary motivation for becoming a corrections officer is
a.
enjoying the work with prisoners.
b.
enjoying helping in the rehabilitation process.
c.
the ability to use violence on the job.
d.
wanting a secure civil service job.
50. The Bureau of Justice Statistics found that most prisoners are
a.
young minority males with less than a high school education.
b.
older minority males with a high school education.
c.
young minority females with less than a high school education.
d.
older white males from organized crime groups.
51. Which is true concerning the rate of AIDS in the prison population compared to the general U.S. population?
a.
It is significantly higher in the general population than in the prison population
b.
It is slightly higher in the general population than in the prison population.
c.
It is significantly higher in the prison population than in the general population.
d.
It is slightly higher in the prison population than in the general population.
52. The set of rules and values that develop within the prison social system and guide prisoners’ behavior is called
a.
jailing.
b.
the inmate code.
c.
gleaning.
d.
machismo.
53. Prisoners who view their prison term as a brief, inevitable break in their criminal careers and simply a cost of doing
business are
a.
gleaning.
b.
jailing.
c.
living by the inmate code.
d.
doing time.
54. Inmates with low intelligence who are afflicted with psychological or physical disabilities are referred to as
a.
challenged inmates.
b.
bottom feeders.
c.
gleaners.
d.
jailers.
55. In years past, the standard currency in the prison economy was
a.
money.
b.
soap.
c.
sex.
d.
cigarettes.
56. Prison administrators are wary of the prison economy because
a.
inmate transactions hurt business at the prison store.
b.
the prices charged for goods might not be fair.
c.
prisoners steal items from the prison and may fight in disputes about transactions.
d.
some prisoners are not allowed to participate.
57. Which is true concerning the differences between men’s and women’s prisons?
a.
Women have a more developed hidden economy.
b.
Female inmates face more violence and physical confrontations.
c.
Female inmates are more committed to the inmate code.
d.
Women’s prisons are smaller.
58. The size of women’s prisons and the number of women prisoners have contributed to
a.
a lack of resources devoted to programs and rehabilitation.
b.
a culture dominated by gangs.
c.
a steady increase in prison violence.
d.
the creation of “wall-less” prisons.
59. Which is true concerning prison programs?
a.
They are readily available to prisoners.
b.
Legislators today are financially supportive of prisoner programs.
c.
More programs tend to increase hostilities in prison.
d.
Classification of prisoners and assignment to various programs often are based on the needs of administrators.
60. _______ programs are the most popular type of prison program.
a.
Treatment
b.
Vocational
c.
Educational
d.
Industrial
61. Which is true about prison managers?
a.
They have complete control over when their clients will be released
b.
They rely on clients to do much of the institutional maintenance work
c.
They select their clients
d.
They are given incentive pay for successful inmate completion
