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62. The rate of confirmed AIDS cases in state and federal prisons is ________ times higher than the rate in the total U.S.
population.
a.
two
b.
three
c.
four
d.
five
63. Approximately ________ of state prisoners have not completed their high school education.
a.
20%
b.
40%
c.
60%
d.
80%
64. Special efforts have been made to recruit _______ and minority correctional officers.
a.
male
b.
female
c.
educated
d.
young
65. Approximately ________ of correctional officers are members of minority groups.
a.
10%
b.
20%
c.
30%
d.
40%
66. Which is not a principle set forth by Warden Dennis Luther for his staff members?
a.
Inmates are sent to prison as punishment and not for punishment.
b.
Inmates are entitled to a safe and humane environment while in prison.
c.
Inmates should be punished harshly.
d.
You must believe in man’s capacity to change his behavior.
67. Inmates who do not break rules are given ______ time.
a.
earned
b.
good
c.
extra
d.
program
Warden Smith is in charge of a female prison that houses the women from her state. She has been working diligently to
improve the conditions of the prison for the women. Warden Smith has increased programs for the women, spending
significant amounts of money on improving the educational system behind bars. She also received a grant that allowed
the prison to have an around-the-clock medical staff person to care for the inmates. Warden Smith has also managed to
incorporate programs to increase the mother–child bond.
68. Currently, about how many female inmates have received a high school diploma or GED when they enter prison?
a.
Less than half
b.
About half
c.
More than half
d.
Almost all
69. Warden Smith was able to receive grant funding for medical care of her female inmates. This is important because
women have a greater chance than men of suffering from:
a.
AIDS
b.
asthma
c.
prostate cancer
d.
brain tumors
70. What percentage of Warden Smith’s inmates are pregnant when they enter prison or have given birth within the last
year?
a.
10%
b.
15%
c.
25%
d.
30%
71. What percentage of Warden Smith’s inmates have a child at home?
a.
41%
b.
51%
c.
61%
d.
71%
Warden Campbell is having a difficult time recruiting qualified correctional officers. He has also had a difficult time
maintaining job satisfaction among his current employees. He is working with other wardens within the state to review
possible incentives for all correctional staff. He has found that there is a huge shortage of staff members who would be
considered minorities, including women.
72. Which is not a reason why Warden Campbell is having a difficult time recruiting qualified staff?
a.
Low pay
b.
Minimal career advancement
c.
Boring work
d.
Short shifts
73. Which is not a way that Warden Campbell can encourage current employees to continue employment?
a.
Offering promotions
b.
Increasing training
c.
Increasing pay
d.
Increasing hours
74. As Warden Campbell tries to increase his pursuit of women and minorities as employees, he needs to be aware that
female correctional officers with low levels of job satisfaction will also report greater
a.
pay.
b.
job stress.
c.
on-the-job injuries promotions.
d.
use-of-force claims incentives.
75. Approximately ______ of Warden Campbell’s staff are likely considered minorities.
a.
15%
b.
20%
c.
25%
d.
30%
76. Warden Campbell has become concerned that some of her officers are having illicit sexual relations with the female
inmates. Which of the following actions is the warden likely to enact?
a.
Increase the supervision staff members.
b.
Decrease the number of female officers.
c.
Increase the number of male officers.
d.
Restrict privileges for all prisoners.
Officer Meeks has been assigned to the gang identifying unit within the prison he works for. His duties include
establishing which inmates have gang ties when they are admitted to the prison. Officer Meeks usually interviews the
inmates and notes any identifying information such as tattoos and writings. Officer Meeks has been witnessing a huge
increase in members of both the Mexican Mafia and the Texas Syndicate.
77. Officer Meeks is responsible for identifying gang information in order to _________ rival gangs by housing them in
separate units.
a.
combine
b.
segregate
c.
integrate
d.
identify
78. On average, _____ of inmates are involved in a gang.
a.
15%
b.
19%
c.
24%
d.
28%
79. The warden governing the prison may ask Officer Meeks to do which of the following to decrease prison violence?
a.
Increase his supervision of other staff members.
b.
House violence-prone prisoners near relatively defenseless people.
c.
Ensure easy availability of deadly weapons in case of violence.
d.
Maintain a general high level of tension by keeping inmates in close quarters.
80. The model of corrections that emphasizes maintaining the offender’s ties to the family and community as a method of
reform is called the _____ model.
a.
custodial
b.
rehabilitation
c.
reintegration
d.
family
81. The model of corrections that emphasizes treatment programs is called the _____ model.
a.
custodial
b.
rehabilitation
c.
reintegration
d.
family
82. Keeping inmates secure is the definition of which of the following?
a.
Management
b.
Security
c.
Environmental custodialship
d.
Custody
83. In terms of inmate leadership, which of the following is not true?
a.
In many large prisons administrators relied on tested inmate leaders to maintain order.
b.
Inmate leaders served as essential communications link between staff and inmates.
c.
Riots and reports of violence are present but have declined.
d.
Prisons seem to function less effectively now than they did in the past.
84. The number of prisoners serving “natural life” sentences has tripled since 1992 and now comprises_______ of the
prison population
a.
5%
b.
10%
c.
20%
d.
25%
85. An inmate who finds that functioning in the prison society is difficult is called a ______ criminal.
a.
dysfunctional
b.
disorganized
c.
gleaning
d.
disoriented
86. Services offered through a full-time staff of nurses, augmented by contractual physician services, are a part of the
prison's _______ program.
a.
treatment
b.
healthy living
c.
educational
d.
medical
87. In regard to age and gender, a plurality of prisoners are _______ ______.
88. Those who break the inmate code are labeled ______.
89. Prisoners who are _______ view their prison term as a brief, inevitable break in their criminal careers.
90. Inmates who are ______ try to take advantage of prison programs.
91. Behavior that can cause trouble and conflict with staff and other prisoners is called the _________.
92. The process of assigning an inmate to a category specifying the inmate’s needs for security, education, and treatment
is called ______.
93. Most inmates participate in a(n) _____ program.
94. ________ programs seek to treat the personal defects that created the inmate’s criminality.
95. During the 1960s and early 1970s, the ________ model was dominant.
96. The ______ model of incarceration emphasizes security, order, and discipline.
97. The _______ employees are the most numerous in prisons.
98. Most members of the public believe that prisons are run in a(n) ______ manner.
99. In today’s prison system, the _______ has the closest contact with prisoners.
100. ______ is the concept of male honor and the sacredness of one’s reputation as a man.
101. The _________ model emphasizes maintaining the offender’s ties to family and community as a method of reform.
102. ______ include anything that enhances the comfort of the inmates, such as good food, clean cells, and recreational
opportunities.
103. ________ includes programs designed to improve the lives of inmates, such as vocational training, remedial
education, and work opportunities.
104. Officers who establish _______, or secret, relationships can be manipulated by prisoners into smuggling contraband
or committing other illegal acts.
105. Often described as the ________, these norms and values develop within the prison social system and help to define
the inmate’s image of the model prisoner.
106. _________ is the choice of those who cut themselves off from the outside and try to construct a life within the
prison.
107. Racist attitudes, common in the larger society, have become part of the “________,” or implicit rules of life.
108. Retribution would be an aspect of _______ model of incarceration.
109. Prison staff in the ________ group serves inmates and their needs.
110. The _______ criminal finds that functioning in the prison society is difficult.
111. _____ separates those inmates being victimized from the general prison population..
112. Discuss the issues that influence the difficulty of recruiting correctional officers.
113. How can a good classification system help keep order in prisons?
114. Discuss the different subcultures in a men’s and women’s prison. How might these differences be explained?
115. Federal funding for inmates to obtain higher education has been cut drastically in the past few years. Critics of these
programs claim that they take money away from noncriminal students who need funding; however, educational programs
may help inmates from committing more crimes after release. Offer two examples of how this problem might be resolved.
116. How did the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision in Brown v. Plata impact the constitutional rights of prisoners?
117. Discuss how the National Prison Rape Elimination Commission has impacted the rights and treatment of inmates.
118. What special issues do prison administrators have to take into account when implementing programs for female
inmates? Should women have a different standard of punishment? Why or why not? Could such differences be
considered gender discrimination?
119. Compare and contrast two prison gangs. What issues do gangs in prisons pose for correctional staff?
120. Imagine that you are a prison warden and it is your responsibility is to hire and retain a competent correctional staff.
What methods would you use to recruit new hires and what incentives would you guarantee your current employees to
keep them on staff?
121. The Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA) enacted by Congress in 2004 establishes a zero-tolerance standard for the
incidence of rape in prison. Even with the passage of this act, prison rapes continue in the nation’s prisons. What steps
can a warden take in order to prevent sexual violence in prison?
122. Discuss the importance of prison programs in the prevention of future recidivism. How can the general public be
encouraged to buy into the concept of programs such as vocational education as well as college degree programs for
prisoners?
123. Explain the use-of-force mechanisms available to correctional officers if needed inside the prison walls.
124. Describe the three models of corrections that have predominated since the 1940s.
125. Discuss how a prison is organized.
