Elizabeth is a middle-age female who was planning to purchase a new spring wardrobe
with her credit card. When she handed the salesperson her credit card, she was surprised
to find out that it was denied. Elizabeth had no idea how this could possibly have
happened. She has a $20,000 credit limit and currently has a zero balance. Elizabeth
realized that a crime had been committed against her.
Ientity theft is an example of a ______ crime.
a. mala in se
b. a public
c. e pluribus prohibita.
d. mala prohibita
Which is true about parole boards?
a. Parole boards have become hesitant in granting parole for fear of being perceived as
‘soft” on crime.
b. Parole boards are always comprised of corrections experts.
c. Parole boards can predict accurately the future behavior of an offender.
d. Parole boards are always independent from the department of corrections.
An adjournment of a scheduled case until a later date is called a
a. delaying tactic.
b. continuance.
c. casegrouping.
d. cutrate.
Miranda warnings were established by the U.S. Supreme Court in Weeks v. U.S. (1914).
a. True
b. False
Reduction in crime rates reduces the fear of crime.
a. True
b. False
The right to a fair trial is found in the ______ Amendment.
a. Third
b. Fourth
c. Fifth
d. Sixth
Which landmark U.S. Supreme Court case required the courts to provide attorneys for
poor defendants facing the death penalty?
a. Furman v. Georgia (1972)
b. Weeks v. United States (1914)
c. Barron v. Baltimore (1833)
d. Powell v. Alabama (1932)
The exclusionary rule increases the legal protection for criminal defendants.
a. True
b. False
Will is a 15 year-old boy who was just arrested for truancy and shoplifting. He has
never been in trouble before. He participated in the crime due to peer pressure from his
friends who made fun of him for being “too good.” Will’s parents are terrified that his
poor decision making will ruin his future.
Considering Will’s truancy violation, he may be considered a ________, depending on
the outcome of the shoplifting case.
a. dependentchild
b. delinquentchild
c. neglectedchild
d. PINS
The parole board has recently paroled Beth after eight years of incarceration. She is to
obtain gainful employment, submit to weekly drug test, and notify the parole officer if
she is going out of state. Beth will spend a month in a transitional facility before she is
completely on her own. It has been difficult locating a facility close to her home
because most communities do not want parolees in their neighborhood.
Beth must locate gainful employment and submit to a weekly drug test, which would be
considered her conditions of
a. parole.
b. fact.
c. probation.
d. release.
Defamation is one of the seven principles of substantive criminal law.
a. True
b. False
The idea that insanity may involve a different combination of many factorsin each case
at the time the crime is committed is called the
a. Durham Rule.
b. M”Naghten Rule.
c. substantial capacity test.
d. irresistible impulse test.
The majority of convicted offenders serving time in state prisons were indigent
defendants who received publicly provided defense attorneys.
a. True
b. False
The community policing philosophy is an approach that stresses police control of the
community.
a. True
b. False
Some scholars have called defense attorneys ______ because they often work to
prepare the defendant for the likely outcome of the case (usually conviction).
a. case builders
b. agent-mediators
c. arrangement-mediators
d. prison builders
Eli is a public defender who is representing his client in a first-degree murder case. A
plea arrangement could not be arranged, so the case is going to trial. In a matter of
weeks, Eli will be forced to help seat a jury. He is hoping to have a chance to select
jurors who will sympathize with his client, who grew up in abject poverty and has a low
IQ. Eli is not sure what the outcome of this case will be considering that there is not an
eyewitness to testify.
During ________, Eli will be able to determine what biases prospective jurors may
have against his client.
a. challenge for cause
b. voir dire
c. peremptory challenges
d. testimony
Polygraph tests are admissible in a court of law.
a. True
b. False
Wealthy people are better able to take measures to protect themselves from some types
of crime.
a. True
b. False
Tickets of leave were the forerunner of the modern-day parole system.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following best describes the relationship of police to minorities?
a. Friendly
b. Cooperative
c. Peaceful
d. Difficult
Micah was approached by a fellow officer concerning possible corruption within their
department. Apparently, two officers have been selling confiscated drugs on the streets.
Micah reviewed both officers’ cases and noticed that their arrests for drug crimes were
down significantly. Both officers have also recently been receiving complaints from the
community. Micah dreaded what was about to happen to their department.
Micah has uncovered a wealth of information that compromises both officers. Micah
knows the media will exploit the problems in the department. Micah is terrified that the
department will lose its accreditation. The department has its accreditation through
which agency?
a. Civilian Review Board
b. Commission on Accreditation for Law EnforcementAgencies (CALEA)
c. Civil Liability Board
d. Commission to Combat Police Corruption
The criminal justice “wedding cake” layers reflect differences in how crimes are
prioritized. Based on these priorities, which statement best reflects a summary of these
layers?
a. All cases are basically the same.
b. Very few cases are plea bargained.
c. Different cases receive different kinds of treatment.
d. Celebrated cases are no different than other cases.
Criminal justice can best be seen as a social system.
a. True
b. False
What is the process called in which there is no actual bargaining between parties, but
rather an expectation that a guilty plea will lead to a less-than-maximum sentence?
a. Indirect plea bargaining
b. Insufficient plea bargaining
c. Indecisive plea bargaining
d. Implicit plea bargaining
The prison culture for both men and women involvesinmates adopting roles as
surrogate families for other inmates.
a. True
b. False
Approximately 30% of persons under correctional supervision are in prison.
a. True
b. False
Most felony cases take a year or more to adjudicate.
a. True
b. False
Most inmates serve their terms in isolation cells.
a. True
b. False
The determination of whether or not a defendant is guilty is called
a. adjudication.
b. indictment.
c. booking.
d. information.
Which of the following is true about public police officers working for private firms?
a. Congress passed a law prohibiting it.
b. If they work for private firms they never retain their full powers as officers.
c. With proper agreements within the police agency, officers may work for private firms
and retain full officer powers.
d. Police officers never work for private firms.
Like parole revocation, probation revocation
a. must be decided in a full jury trial.
b. cannot be considered unless a new crime has been committed.
c. cannot be considered unless three conditions are violated.
d. requires a two-stage hearing process.
______ is the state with the most defendants on death row.
a. New York
b. Washington
c. California
d. Florida
The international criminal police organization is
a. the DEA.
b. the FBI.
c. Interpol.
d. the CIA.
A report, prepared by a probation officer, that presents a convicted offender’s
background and is used by the judge in selecting an appropriate sentence is called a
_____.
Describe how the police are organized.
Agencies increasingly require recruits to undergo ____________, because each officer
will ultimately make important discretionary decisions, including those that may
determine life and death in stressful situations.
The first ____________________ police officer was hired in Portland, Oregon, in
1905.
Different departments allocate their officers in different wayssome departments have
more officers on patrol than others, and some departments (such as in Houston, Texas)
stress criminal investigation. What factors might affect these different distributions?
Inmates who are ______ try to take advantage of prison programs.
__________ represents an initiative to reduce crime and increase the effectiveness of
the criminal justice system by bringing prosecutors into closer contact with citizens.
Discuss why people become police officers and how they learn to do their jobs.
Seizure by the government of property and other assets is called ______.
______ is the concept of male honor and the sacredness of one’s reputation as a man.
The director of the FBI from 1924 to 1972, and the individual responsible for its
prominence, was ____________________.
What impact does the federal budget have on the FBI?
A private attorney who contracts with the government to represent all indigents is called
_________.
Why is it important that states develop standardized court structures?
The right to counsel is of little value when the counsel is neither competent nor
________.
Retribution would be an aspect of _______ model of incarceration.
What is the current composition of the U.S. Supreme Court? Does it lean more toward
liberal or conservative? Will this change in the coming years?
Crimes that are prohibited by government but are not wrong by nature are called
____________________.
Juveniles who harass or intimidate other juveniles using cell phones, email, and the
Internet are engaging in _____.
Courts are responsible for ________,or determining whether the defendant is guilty or
not guilty.