At all levels of the justice process, there is a high degree of discretion employed by
decision makers.
a. True
b. False
Certain specialized agencies provide police departments recognition for the best
practices they employ. What type of agency provides this recognition?
a. Accrediting
b. Citizen review committee
c. Peer review courts
d. Ethics violations department
Which type of release involves the parole board making decisions?
a. Mandatory release
b. Discretionary release
c. Unconditional release
d. Community release
Based on the ruling set forth in Berghuis v. Thompson, what must a suspect do to end
questioning?
a. Immediately remain silent.
b. Immediately state that he or she is asserting the right to remain silent.
c. Answer some questions and not others.
d. Request additional time to respond at a later point.
If a person has a guilty mind or a blameworthy state of mind, this describes the element
of
a. mens rea.
b. an inchoate offense.
c. defamation.
d. actus reus.
Which English scholar developed utilitarianism and viewed retribution as pointless?
a. Orville Majors
b. Thomas Hobbes
c. John Locke
d. Jeremy Bentham
“Jailing” is a term used to describe inmates who try to take advantage of prison
programs to better themselves.
a. True
b. False
Often a primary motivation for becoming a corrections officer is
a. enjoying the work with prisoners.
b. enjoying helping in the rehabilitation process.
c. the ability to useviolence on the job.
d. wanting a secure civil service job.
A stop is defined as a brief interference with a person’s freedom of movement.
a. True
b. False
Prosecutors are careful not to make mistakes because they face severe punishment from
the state if they convict innocent people.
a. True
b. False
A brief interference with a person’s freedom of movement of the duration that can be
measured in minutes is called a(n)
a. search.
b. stop.
c. arrest.
d. interrogation.
Preventive patrol emphasizes
a. alarge number of arrests to control crime.
b. responding to 911 calls.
c. making police presence known.
d. fixing “broken windows.”
More mentally ill persons are in state hospitals than in prisons and jails.
a. True
b. False
Which factor distinguishes the governing of prisons from the administration of other
public institutions?
a. The defects of power of authority figures
b. Unlimited rewards used by authorities
c. Independence of correctional officers and inmates
d. Weak inmate leadership
Police rarely perceive the public as hostile.
a. True
b. False
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that home confinement violates the right to privacy.
a. True
b. False
Which would not be considered part of the courtroom workgroup?
a. Bailiff
b. Judge
c. Attorney
d. Clerk
Officers who accept payoffs that happen to come their way are called
a. meat eaters.
b. grass eaters.
c. weed eaters.
d. night eaters.
A(n) _______ later became known as the “royal prerogative of mercy” in England.
a. pardon
b. expungement
c. clemency
d. forgiveness
Criminal justice is a system of partspolice, courts, correctionsthat do not affect each
other.
a. True
b. False
Rapport with the community is enhanced when citizens feel sure that the police will
protect their persons and property and the rights guaranteed by the:
a. Magna Carta
b. Constitution
c. Declaration of Independence
d. Federalist Papers
Sherry is a 40-year-old white female who frequently participates in prostitution to earn
money for her crack habit. She was raised in a single-parent home and has been selling
herself for the last 18 years. She has been arrested several times and has no hope that
she can make a better life for herself.
Sherry’s crime is a questionable crime by many who feel that prostitution is not wrong
in and of itself, or a
a. mala prohibita.
b. mala in se.
c. a felony.
d. a misdemeanor.
It is easy to point to specific factors that increase or decrease the crime rates.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is true concerning crime rates and the prison population since
1991?
a. Crime rates and the prison population are both declining.
b. Crime rates and the prison population are both increasing.
c. Crime rates and the prison population are both stable.
d. Crime rates are decreasing and the prison population is increasing.
According to your text, which of the following statements best reflects racial victim
crime statistics?
a. Most violent crime is interracial.
b. Whites are most likely to be the victims of violent crimes.
c. Most victims and offenders are from different social classes.
d. African Americans and other minorities are most likely to be the victims of violent
crimes.
________ defense attorneys now handle up to 85% of the cases in many places.
a. Publicly funded
b. Retained counsel
c. Corporate
d. Federal
In Williams v. Florida, it was determined that in the case of a six-person jury, the
verdict had to be unanimous.
a. True
b. False
Abusive husbands who are arrested and briefly jailed are more likely to commit acts of
domestic violence again.
a. True
b. False
Which U.S. Supreme Court decision departed from the trend toward increasing juvenile
rights by ruling that juveniles may be held in preventive detention before trial if they
are deemed a risk to the community?
a. In re Gault (1967)
b. Schall v. Martin (1984)
c. Kent v. United States (1966)
d. In re Winship (1970)
In relation to men, women commit _____ crime.
a. more
b. the same amount of
c. less
d. more violent
Studies of police practices regarding domestic violence that occurred before the
women’s movement found that
a. most male police officers beat their wives.
b. police chiefs prohibited officers from ever making arrests.
c. police were less likely to intervene when wives were victimized by their husbands.
d. stopping violence against women was a high priority of police.
Congress has refused to expand the powers of the FBI.
a. True
b. False
In most states, no higher authority can second guess or change the decision of a
prosecutor.
a. True
b. False
In-custody visitation allows inmates to leave prison temporarily to visit family.
a. True
b. False
____________________ occurs when police officers disproportionately stop people of
color more than whites.
Describe the types of intermediate sanctions and how they are administered.
The release of an inmate from prison to conditional supervision is referred to as
______.
The first law pertaining to juveniles in the United States was called the Massachusetts
______ Law.
Legal restrictions on ex-offenders (such as the inability to vote) are referred to as
________.
____________________ refers to a framework within which criminal acts are
committed, rather than referring to the acts themselves.
Pepper spray and nightsticks are considered types of ____________________ weapons.
The ____________________ gives property owners no reasonable expectation of
privacy in fields on and around their property.
Explain the difference between criminal law and civil law.
_______ -member juries must vote unanimously to convict a defendant.
Discuss the importance of prison programs in the prevention of future recidivism. How
can the general public be encouraged to buy into the concept of programs such as
vocational education as well as college degree programs for prisoners?
Repayment by an offender to a victim is called _____.
Explain the role of the Fourteenth Amendment in criminal justice.
Criminal procedures must meet a basic standard of
______________________________, according to the U.S. Supreme Court.
Enforcement of vice laws depends on ____________________ police work.
________ are the officials responsible for the prosecution of crimes that violate the
laws of the United States; they are appointed by the president and assigned to a U.S.
district court jurisdiction.
Discuss about the origins of parole and the way it operates today.
_____ courts are an alternative to criminal courts as they can help those with emotional
and developmental issues.