All 50 states impose death as a sentence.
a. True
b. False
Which statement best reflects valid criticism of the use of preventive detention?
a. It always violates the offender’s First Amendment rights.
b. It is always used unfairly, particularly for female offenders.
c. It is unfair to incarcerate someone when we assume all offenders are innocent until
proven guilty.
d. The financial costs should not be considered.
At the federal level, probation officers are appointed by which of the following?
a. President
b. Congress
c. Federal judiciary
d. Attorney General
In contrast to the police, those individuals who work within the lower level private
security industry are paid more and receive more training.
a. True
b. False
Even today, research indicates that women may be subject to more sexual harassment as
police officers than their male counterparts.
a. True
b. False
Judge Brown has been a superior court judge for the past seven years. He was the first
one in his family to graduate college. He is running for reelection without his political
affiliation being identified. Even though he loves his job, he would love to have more
time in the courtroom instead of organizing schedules and budgets. Instead of trying
cases, he feels that he just works out agreements with the defense and the prosecution.
The way he sees it, at least a guilty plea acknowledges he is putting defendants away.
Judge Brown spends significant time trying to work out plea agreements between
prosecutors and defense attorneys. In this capacity, he works as a(n)
a. administrator.
b. negotiator.
c. adjudicator.
d. reconciler.
The due process model is not concerned with freedom or liberty.
a. True
b. False
The police system of the national government of France is more centralized than its
counterpart in the United States.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following offenders is most likely to be sentenced under the philosophy of
selective incapacitation?
a. A first-time drug offender
b. A juvenile offender
c. A repeat burglary offender
d. A female offender
Which of the following is not a characteristic that applies to the job of a law
enforcement officer?
a. Training is required.
b. Pay scales are high.
c. Physical fitness standards must be met.
d. Recruits must lack a criminal record.
According to the text, which of the following groups favors stricter enforcement of the
law?
a. Liberals
b. Conservatives
c. Moderates
d. Anarchists
The first statewide system of probation was in Delaware in 1880.
a. True
b. False
The rise in private agencies is related to the fear of crime.
a. True
b. False
_____ is a means of dealing with offenders who need greater restrictions than
traditional community-based programs can provide
a. Intensive supervision probation
b. Shock incarceration
c. House arrest
d. Probation
Although they cooperate in many cases, public defenders are sufficiently independent
of prosecutors and judges to make choices about whether to seek a trial or to negotiate a
plea.
a. True
b. False
According to the Fifth Amendment’s double jeopardy clause, a defendant may be tried
for the same offense in the same jurisdiction on the same date twice.
a. True
b. False
Mike was sitting in his home watching a late-night baseball game when he heard what
sounded like someone trying to break into his home. He immediately went to his closet
and retrieved his 9mm. Within seconds, two men broke through the door armed with
their own guns. Mike quickly shot both men and immediately called law enforcement.
When first responders arrived on the scene, both men were pronounced dead. Mike was
in shock that he actually was responsible for the death of two men. Within 6 months,
Mike was informed that he was being sued by one of the deceased intruder’s family
members for wrongful death. Mike wondered if his rights would be validated.
Mike will not be charged with this crime because he most likely used the justification
defense of
a. entrapment.
b. self-defense.
c. necessity.
d. duress.
Responding to danger is a component of a police officer’s
a. working personality.
b. work responsibility.
c. socialization.
d. culturalization.
Only a small percentage of juvenile arrests are for homicide.
a. True
b. False
In Ricketts v. Adamson (1987), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that
a. when a guilty plea rests on a promise of a prosecutor, it must be fulfilled.
b. defendants must uphold the plea agreement or suffer the consequences.
c. a plea of guilty may be accepted for the purpose of a lesser sentence by a defendant
who maintains his or her innocence.
d. defendants must state that they are voluntarily making a plea of guilty.
Studies in Pennsylvania show that the largest risk to being sentenced is to be young,
male, and black.
a. True
b. False
Findings from research have indicated there is little difference between the outcomes of
private attorneys, public defenders, contract counsel, and assigned counsel.
a. True
b. False
Prison administrators are wary of the prison economy because
a. inmate transactions hurt business at the prison store.
b. the prices charged for goods might not be fair.
c. prisoners steal items from the prison and may fight in disputes about transactions.
d. some prisoners are not allowed to participate.
The prison population contains a higher proportion of Hispanics than does the general
population.
a. True
b. False
All 50 states are members of MATRIX, the Multistate Anti-Terrorism Information
Exchange.
a. True
b. False
The historical roots of probation can be traced to the procedures
a. of community supervision in France.
b. for reprieves and pardons in early English courts.
c. for forgiveness in Spanish courts.
d. of shock probation in Russian courts.
Youth gangs do not pose any unique problems in the juvenile justice system.
a. True
b. False
Which is not one of the problems the American system of juvenile justice faces?
a. Cyberbullying
b. Online delinquency
c. Youth gangs
d. Urbanization
The roots of American policing lie in the French legal tradition.
a. True
b. False
The bureaucratic elements of the police are characterized by
a. division of labor
b. chain and utility of command
c. rules and regulations
d. All of the above.
Most criminal defense lawyers are able to become wealthy because there are so many
rich celebrities and professional athletes who get into trouble with the law.
a. True
b. False
Explain the appellate process within criminal courts.
Discuss the different subcultures in a men’s and women’s prison. How might these
differences be explained?
Most often, Native Americans have been policed by the ___________.
During the ______ period, the focus of reformers was on the children of immigrants.
In regard to gender, ________ are more likely to become victims of crime.
The criminal justice process may be viewed as a(n) ____________________ process
through which cases are screened.
______ are secure facilities in which inmates stay for less than 1 year.
A _____ is a child who has no parent or guardian or whose parents cannot give proper
care.
If days are subtracted from a sentence for good behavior, this is called _____.
Discuss the legal arguments as to whether the death penalty violates the Eighth
Amendment right against cruel and unusual punishment.
Protection against _________ means that people cannot be forced to respond to
questions whose answers may reveal that they have committed a crime.
The search and seizure clause is found in the ____________________ Amendment.
Police officers must establish ____________________ to obtain a warrant.
What role does the advent of scientific technologies, such as DNA evidence, play in the
prosecutor’s decision to take a case to trial or to plea bargain? Have these technologies
changed the way our adversarial system works? If so, is it more, or less, effective?
If a person is placed under arrest, then he or she forfeits his or her Fourth Amendment
rights. This is called ____________________.
If in a bank robbery, an armed robber forces one of the bank’s managers at gunpoint to
drive the getaway car, she would claim the defense of _____.
____________________ are officers who aggressively misuse their power for personal
gain.
The _________ unit is a branch of a police department that receives and investigates
complaints alleging violations of rules and policies on the part of officers.
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that officers are permitted to intrude on private lands that
are open areas in the case of ____________________.
At the _________ the suspect is brought before a judge and is given formal notice of
the charge(s) for which he or she is being held, advised of his or her rights, and, if
approved by the judge, given a chance to post bail.