David has worked for his municipal police department for 10 years. He has seen his fair
share of homicide and rape victims. He remembers a the time when he used to be
excited to hear the next call for service. Currently, he dreads to hear the radio calls for
assistance. David tries to remember that he is keeping his community safe by
performing his job. He also remembers that he has a family of his own he wants to keep
safe as well.
David is suffering from stress due to his interactions with those involved in the criminal
justice system, whom he is forced to arrest and help prosecute on a day-to-day basis.
Which type of stress is David suffering from?
a. External
b. Organizational
c. Personal
d. Operational
Women’s share of arrests is the highest for which type of crime?
a. Robbery
b. Rape
c. Murder
d. Larceny-theft
Fines must be used in conjunction with some other form of punishment because merely
paying a fine is not considered a punishment under the U.S. Constitution.
a. True
b. False
Warden Smith is in charge of a female prison that houses the women from her state. She
has been working diligently to improve the conditions of the prison for the women.
Warden Smith has increased programs for the women, spending significant amounts of
money on improving the educational system behind bars. She also received a grant that
allowed the prison to have an around-the-clock medical staff person to care for the
inmates. Warden Smith has also managed to incorporate programs to increase the
mother”child bond.
What percentage of Warden Smith’s inmates are pregnant when they enter prison or
have given birth within the last year?
a. 10%
b. 15%
c. 25%
d. 30%
Mike was sitting in his home watching a late-night baseball game when he heard what
sounded like someone trying to break into his home. He immediately went to his closet
and retrieved his 9mm. Within seconds, two men broke through the door armed with
their own guns. Mike quickly shot both men and immediately called law enforcement.
When first responders arrived on the scene, both men were pronounced dead. Mike was
in shock that he actually was responsible for the death of two men. Within 6 months,
Mike was informed that he was being sued by one of the deceased intruder’s family
members for wrongful death. Mike wondered if his rights would be validated.
The intruder’s family member plans to sue Mike in a wrongful death case under what
kind of law?
a. Criminal
b. Substantive
c. Procedural
d. Civil
A sentence requiring the offender to perform a certain amount of unpaid labor in the
community is called
a. retribution.
b. restitution.
c. community service.
d. forfeiture.
Crime and justice are policy issues.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is true about crime in America?
a. Crime rates are increasing and Americans are not fearful of crime.
b. Crime rates are decreasing and Americans are not fearful of crime.
c. Crime rates are increasing and Americans are fearful of crime.
d. Crime rates are decreasing and Americans are fearful of crime.
Which is true about juvenile officers?
a. Juvenile officers are oftentimes themselves youthful offenders.
b. Juvenile officers are less knowledgeable about legal issues than other police officers.
c. Juvenile officers are sensitive to the needs of young offenders.
d. Juvenile officers have less discretion than regular officers in processing young
offenders.
Defense attorneys are frequently referred to as _______ because of their role of
managing large caseloads in difficult environments and preparing their clients for
conviction.
a. control agents
b. agent-mediators
c. agent provocateurs
d. counselors
John is a district attorney for a large metropolitan area. He is facing reelection in
approximately 1 year. During the course of John’s day, he receives news that a
well-known professional football player has attempted to murder his wife of less than a
year. Apparently, the player found his wife in a comprising position with another player
on the team. John knows that how he prosecutes this media-driven case may determine
if he is reelected.
Even though the public is demanding a trial, John makes plans to meet with the defense
to see if they are willing to work out an agreement. John would prefer to _________ the
case.
a. charge
b. withdraw
c. drop
d. plea bargain
Ryan is a district attorney in a small community. Ryan’s best friend, Eric, happens to
work in the public defender’s office. Both Ryan and Eric have a meeting tomorrow
morning with the superior court judge to discuss a case involving a sexual assault. The
victim in the case would prefer not to testify in this case. Luckily, Ryan and Eric have a
wonderful working relationship with the judge hearing the case. Both gentlemen are
actually looking forward to coming to an arrangement in this case and having lunch
afterward with the judge.
The relationship among Ryan, Eric, and the judge is built upon mutual respect and
admiration. All parties want to work toward the same common goal. This would be
referred to as
a. a workgroup.
b. the going rate.
c. continuance.
d. culture.
A major exception to the mens rea principle is called
a. strict liability.
b. civil forfeiture.
c. minimal scrutiny.
d. actus reus.
The period in which juvenile rights were expanded was called the juvenile rights
period.
a. True
b. False
The police can enforce every law and catch every lawbreaker if they have the resources.
a. True
b. False
A state of anomie is where rules or norms that guide behavior have been strengthened
or reinforced.
a. True
b. False
Under the plain view doctrine, there is a lost expectation of _______ when items are in
plain sight.
a. innocence
b. suspicion
c. privacy
d. freedom
If police officers provide first aid, rescue animals, or help the homeless, this is an
example of the _______ police function.
a. departmental
b. service
c. order maintenance
d. law enforcement
In Nix v. Williams (1984), the U.S. Supreme Court agreed that improperly obtained
evidence can be used when it would later have been inevitably discovered without
improper actions by the police.
a. True
b. False
There is no evidence of racism in the way society asks the criminal justice system to
operate.
a. True
b. False
Micah was approached by a fellow officer concerning possible corruption within their
department. Apparently, two officers have been selling confiscated drugs on the streets.
Micah reviewed both officers’ cases and noticed that their arrests for drug crimes were
down significantly. Both officers have also recently been receiving complaints from the
community. Micah dreaded what was about to happen to their department.
The officers whom Micah has to investigate are allegedly involved in a high level of
corruption. The officers would be considered
a. meat eaters.
b. grass eaters.
c. moochers.
d. chiselers.
Before the 1970s, police departments treated domestic violence as a serious criminal
matter.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is not a principal principle of guilt necessary for the conviction
of a defendant?
a. Actus rea
b. Illegality
c. Punishment
d. Harm
Sentencing guidelines provide
a. judges with guidance on incarcerating felons.
b. corrections officers with discretion when incarcerating felons.
c. police officers with discretionary power for arrests.
d. prosecutors with guidance on plea-bargaining cases.
Chief Justice Earl Warren established a strict code of conduct how police officers
handle criminal defendants.
a. True
b. False
In Japan, the justice system focuses solely on the offender and not on the community.
a. True
b. False
Laws made by federal, state, and local legislatures are called
a. case laws.
b. administrative regulations.
c. penal codes.
d. common laws.
The insanity defense is used in most cases in the American criminal justice system.
a. True
b. False
In most states, who is permitted to attend parole hearings?
a. Board members only
b. The inmate only
c. Correctional officers only
d. Board members, the inmate, and correctional officers
Traffic regulation is a ____ job of the police.
a. minor
b. major
c. dangerous
d. rare
What group is most likely to be unemployed in the United States after release from
prison?
a. Male Caucasians under the age of 30
b. Male Hispanics under the age of 30
c. Male African Americans under the age of 30
d. Male African Americans aged 30 or over
The Fourth Amendment requires that probable cause be established before a warrant is
provided.
a. True
b. False
Sherry is a 40-year-old white female who frequently participates in prostitution to earn
money for her crack habit. She was raised in a single-parent home and has been selling
herself for the last 18 years. She has been arrested several times and has no hope that
she can make a better life for herself.
One night, during a planned meeting with one of Sherry’s “clients,” she is raped,
sexually assaulted, and robbed. Sherry does not call and report the crime to law
enforcement because of her history. This encounter is an example of the _______ figure
of crime.
a. criminal
b. statistical
c. dark
d. true
The local view of the proper sentence, considering the offense and the defendant’s prior
record, is called the _______.
How can community engagement promote new ideas in handling offenders on
probation?
_____ indicate to judges the expected sanction for certain offenses.
Explain how and why the system treats wrongdoers equally. Be sure to include who is
treated unfairly in your answer.
In your opinion, why does the United States rely on incarceration so heavily as a form
of punishment? Why don’t we use intermediate sanctions as frequently as other
countries do?
Theorist _______ argued that human behavior is governed by a cost-benefit analysis.
Describe the structure of the American court system.
The ____________________ model asserts freedom is so important that every effort
must be made to ensure that criminal justice decisions are based upon reliable
information.
Is the jury selection process used in U.S. courts fair to defendants? Discuss how some
defendants may be disadvantaged by the system?
Studies have shown that the fine is used widely as a criminal sanction and that
nationally, well over _____ in fines is collected annually.
According to your text, examples of ____________________ crimes include gambling,
prostitution, and drug use.
The racial identity of nearly half of the hails population is ______.
According to the U.S. Supreme Court landmark cases involving the use of the death
penalty, its use does not violate the Eighth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution (that is,
it is not cruel and unusual punishment). Do you agree with this view? Explain why or
why not.
The real threats on the job are called ____________________ stresses.
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in _______________ that when officers act in good faith
reliance on computerized records concerning outstanding warrants, evidence found in a
search incident to arrest is admissible even if the arrest was based on an erroneous
record that wrongly indicated the existence of a warrant.
What were the main criticisms of the separate confinement and congregate systems?
Why did the United States move away from these methods of incarceration?