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True / False
1. Community corrections recognize that factors within the community that encourage criminal behavior cannotr be
changed.
a.
True
b.
False
2. Persons on probation can refuse drug tests because they interfere with the Fourth Amendment right to privacy.
a.
True
b.
False
3. States can use probation for more serious offenses such as robbery or assault.
a.
True
b.
False
4. Probation works best when the judge and the supervising officer have close contact.
a.
True
b.
False
5. One problem for probation officers is their heavy caseload.
a.
True
b.
False
6. Individuals on probation have no constitutional rights.
a.
True
b.
False
7. The revocation of probation cannot result in incarceration.
a.
True
b.
False
8. Over half of the probationers have no direct contact with their probation officer.
a.
True
b.
False
9. Intermediate sanctions are not used as often as they could be in the United States.
a.
True
b.
False
10. Fines must be used in conjunction with some other form of punishment because merely paying a fine is not considered
a punishment under the U.S. Constitution.
a.
True
b.
False
11. Fines are usually adjusted to account for wealth.
a.
True
b.
False
12. All crime victims can expect to receive full restitution from the offenders who harmed them.
a.
True
b.
False
13. Restitution orders are determined by prison wardens rather than by judges.
a.
True
b.
False
14. Forfeiture is determined by police officers rather than by judges.
a.
True
b.
False
15. Assets gained from forfeiture are often used to increase law enforcement agencies’ budgets.
a.
True
b.
False
16. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that home confinement violates the right to privacy.
a.
True
b.
False
17. Passive electronic monitoring systems send constant streams of information to the receiver.
a.
True
b.
False
18. Offenders serving community service receive small amounts of pay for their work.
a.
True
b.
False
19. When given the choice, many offenders choose prison over intensive supervision probation.
a.
True
b.
False
20. Boot camp programs often provide aftercare to help offenders transition back into the community.
a.
True
b.
False
21. In order to be successful, community corrections programs must be given adequate resources.
a.
True
b.
False
22. Public support is lacking for community corrections.
a.
True
b.
False
23. Over the last 20 years, the challenges in community supervision have become fewer.
a.
True
b.
False
24. Most day reporting centers incorporate multiple correctional methods.
a.
True
b.
False
25. Boot camps put offenders through a 3- to 9-month physical regimen designed to develop discipline and respect for
authority.
a.
True
b.
False
26. ISP programs have been called “old-style” probation because each officer has only 20 clients and requires frequent
face-to-face contact.
a.
True
b.
False
27. Community supervision is more expensive than incarceration.
a.
True
b.
False
28. The first statewide system of probation was in Delaware in 1880.
a.
True
b.
False
29. Intermediate sanctions can be viewed as a continuum –-a range of punishments.
a.
True
b.
False
30. From 1995 to 2012 the number of Americans under community supervision grew from 3.7 million to 4.8 million.
a.
True
b.
False
31. Intermediate sanctions have been advocated as less costly than incarceration.
a.
True
b.
False
32. Some researchers argue that too many policies focus solely on the short term to the disadvantage of long-term
considerations.
a.
True
b.
False
33. Intermediate sanctions are administered by the courts only.
a.
True
b.
False
34. The percentage of former prisoners who are rearrested for a similar offense is called
a.
return offender.
b.
recriminalization.
c.
recidivism.
d.
redundancy.
35. Which of the following is true regarding community corrections?
a.
Offenders assigned to community corrections have committed offenses that are not serious.
b.
Community supervision is more expensive than incarceration.
c.
The rates of recidivism for those under community supervision are higher than the rates for those who go to
prison.
d.
Community supervision is more destructive to the offender than going to prison.
36. Community corrections assumes that
a.
only the offender needs to change.
b.
only the community needs to change.
c.
both the offender and the community need to adapt.
d.
law enforcement needs to adapt to the needs of offenders.
37. The goal of community corrections is based on
a.
punishing the offender as severely as possible.
b.
teaching the offender to resist temptation by increasing the offender’s contact with the criminal world.
c.
punishing the offender with the least restrictive alternative.
d.
the idea that punishment is wrong.
38. Which statement is false regarding home confinement?
a.
Home confinement is problematic because crimes can be committed from home.
b.
Electronic monitoring in home confinement is more expensive than imprisonment.
c.
Home confinement raises the issue of the right to privacy because governmental corrections supervision has
invaded a private home.
d.
Electronic monitoring in home confinement may involve technical problems with the effectiveness of the
equipment.
39. The historical roots of probation can be traced to the procedures
a.
of community supervision in France.
b.
for reprieves and pardons in early English courts.
c.
for forgiveness in Spanish courts.
d.
of shock probation in Russian courts.
40. The world’s first probation officer was
a.
James Ferguson, an Irish police officer.
b.
Sir Robert Peel, head of the London police.
c.
O.W. Wilson, an American police chief.
d.
John Augustus, a Boston bootmaker.
41. Probation is defined as
a.
home confinement.
b.
electronic monitoring.
c.
a short jail sentence.
d.
supervised release under specified conditions.
42. Which statement is true about probation?
a.
It is only used in combination with fines
b.
It is only used in combination with restitution
c.
It is only used in combination with community service
d.
It is used in combination with fines, restitution, and community service
43. Technical violations that would cause an offender’s probation to be revoked include which of the following?
a.
Violating curfew
b.
Failing a drug test
c.
Using alcohol
d.
All of the above
44. The number of probationers currently under supervision has reached a record
a.
low and is decreasing.
b.
high and is increasing.
c.
low, but is slowly starting to increase.
d.
high, but is starting to decrease.
45. Which statement is a challenge faced by probation officers?
a.
Caseloads are increasingly more violent.
b.
They must prioritize certain individuals over others.
c.
Risk classification methods are rarely used.
d.
Most probationers are on electronic monitoring.
46. At a combined probation revocation and sentencing hearing, the probationer is
a.
not permitted to attend.
b.
being tried on new criminal charges.
c.
subject to a “three-strikes” sentence.
d.
entitled to be represented by counsel.
47. Like parole revocation, probation revocation
a.
must be decided in a full jury trial.
b.
cannot be considered unless a new crime has been committed.
c.
cannot be considered unless three conditions are violated.
d.
requires a two-stage hearing process.
48. How much does the public support the use of community-based punishments rather than prison for nonviolent
offenders?
a.
Most citizens strongly support community-based punishments.
b.
Few citizens support community-based punishments.
c.
Most citizens are opposed to community-based punishments.
d.
Most citizens report that they “don’t care” what happens to offenders either way.
49. Because of the costs associated with probation, which statement concerning probation is true?
a.
All states use probation for serious offenders in the same way.
b.
States only use probation for misdemeanor offenders.
c.
States never use probation for serious offenders.
d.
Some states are increasingly considering the use of probation for more serious offenders.
50. Which is true concerning intermediate sanctions?
a.
Judges use intermediate sanctions that only require a low level of control over the offender.
b.
Judges use intermediate sanctions that only require a high level of control over the offender.
c.
Judges use intermediate sanctions that require no control over the offender.
d.
Judges use a range of intermediate sanctions requiring a low level to high level of control over the offenders.
51. What is the most likely punishment for a misdemeanor traffic violation?
a.
Community service
b.
Restitution
c.
Fines
d.
Warning
52. Which branch of government administers the intermediate sanctions of fines, restitution, and forfeiture?
a.
Executive
b.
Legislature
c.
Judiciary
d.
Bureaucracy
53. Where is one most likely to find extensive use of day fines?
a.
United States
b.
Europe
c.
Asia
d.
Mexico
54. Which statement is true about the collection of fines?
a.
Courts consider them a priority.
b.
Europe imposes them more than the United States.
c.
Only the United States uses fines as punishment.
d.
They are always based upon the offender’s income.
55. Repayment by an offender to a victim who has suffered some form of financial loss is called
a.
Reparations
b.
Making amends
c.
Forfeiture
d.
Restitution
56. Which intermediate sanction is not administered by courts?
a.
Boot camps
b.
Fines
c.
Restitution
d.
Forfeiture
57. Which intermediate sanction is not administered in the community?
a.
Intensive supervision parole
b.
Home confinement
c.
Day reporting centers
d.
All of these intermediate sanctions are administered in the community.
58. The U.S. Supreme Court has decided that forfeitures
a.
may sometimes violate the excessive fines clause of the Eighth Amendment.
b.
always violate the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
c.
can never result from a judicial order.
d.
can involve homes but not automobiles.
59. When can home confinement be used in the criminal justice system?
a.
During the pretrial period
b.
After a short term in jail or prison
c.
As a condition of probation
d.
As a condition of parole
60. Which is likely to be used as community service?
a.
Cleaning laundry while incarcerated
b.
Working part time at a fast food restaurant
c.
Wearing an electronic monitoring device
d.
Cleaning parks and roadsides
61. A drug treatment program in which offenders must visit for daily drug testing would be classified as
a.
intensive supervision probation.
b.
a halfway house.
c.
home confinement.
d.
any of the above could incorporate this.
