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The geographic territory that defines a court's authority is called jurisdiction.
a. True
b. False
At a combined probation revocation and sentencing hearing, the probationer is
a. not permitted to attend.
b. being tried on new criminal charges.
c. subject to a "three-strikes" sentence.
d. entitled to be represented by counsel.
The _________ is dependent on interviews of the samples of the U.S. population
conducted by the Bureau of Justice Statistics to determine the number and types of
criminal victimization, and thus the extent of unreported as well as reported crime.
a. National Incident-Based Reporting System
b. National Crime Victimization Survey
c. Uniform Crime Report
d. National Crime Offender Survey
When prosecutors are merely asking whether there is enough evidence to serve as a
basis for prosecution, they are operating according to the _______ model.
a. system efficiency
b. legal sufficiency
c. trial sufficiency
d. trial efficiency
Jenna works for the Innocence Project. She is currently working on a case where her
client states that she was wrongly convicted. Jenna has been reviewing the court
transcripts and has determined that the prosecutor seems to have withheld information
that was pertinent to the case. Jenna's client was given a 20-year sentence for murder.
She has reduced that sentence by participating in programs and through her positive
behavior while incarcerated.
Jenna's client was given an incarceration rate of 20 years. She was most likely
sentenced under _________ sentencing.
a. indeterminate
b. determinate
c. presumptive
d. mandatory
Television feeds our fear of crime
a. True
b. False
An entry made by a prosecutor on the record of a case and announced in court to
indicate that the charges specified will not be prosecuted is referred to as
a. discovery.
b. counts.
c. nolle prosequi.
d. trial.
Youth gangs are less of problem today in American cities than they were in the past.
a. True
b. False
The person who is the "key link between the police and the courts" because s/he
considers the facts of the case and decides whether there is probable cause to believe an
offense was committed is the
a. judge.
b. defense attorney.
c. parole officer.
d. prosecutor.
Assigned counsel are attorneys employed full time by the government to provide
defense services to those offenders who cannot afford their own attorneys.
a. True
b. False
At the heart of reform of state courts is the goal of making the process more complex.
a. True
b. False
Crime in poor areas is always
a. high.
b. low.
c. moderate.
d. affected by many factors.
The U.S. Supreme Court applied the Fourth Amendment to the states in
a. Mapp v. Ohio (1961).
b. Terry v. Ohio (1968).
c. Chimel v. California (1969).
d. Wolf v. Colorado (1949).
Conservatives believe in strict enforcement of the law by expanding police forces.
a. True
b. False
According to the lifestyle exposure model, which of the following groups is most likely
to be victimized because of where they live and how they spend their leisure time?
a. Elderly white females
b. Elderly white males
c. Elderly black females
d. Young black males
e. Young white males
Jeff frequently visits the local bar on his way home from his second shift factory job.
He and his coworkers often have a beer or two before going home in night. Jeff and his
friends are anxious to arrive to the bar on this particular night because his favorite NFL
team was playing. He hopes they will arrive to view the fourth quarter of the game. As
he enters the bar, he notes a group of noisy, obnoxious rival fans that have had too many
drinks. Jeff asks the group to quiet down so he can hear the game. He is immediately
approached by the members of the group asking if they want to make an issue of the
game. Before Jeff can answer, one member of the group throws a punch. Within
minutes, a full bar brawl gets ensued. Jeff ends up with a fractured skull, which results
in brain damage.
Jeff receives assistance from a volunteer agency that helps to navigate the court system.
Such a group is often referred to as a(n) _________ assistance program.
a. inmate
b. legal aid
c. offender
d. victim
Community corrections assumes that
a. only the offender needs to change.
b. only the community needs to change.
c. both the offender and the community need to adapt.
d. law enforcement needs to adapt to the needs of offenders.
Which term describes the causal relationship between an act and the harm suffered?
a. Legality.
b. Actus reus.
c. Causation.
d. Harm.
Christina is a single mother of two children. She grew up in a home filled with
violence. Her mother was frequently high on crack cocaine as she entered her teen
years. Christina's dad has not been the part of her life since she was 4. She vowed to
herself that she would never allow her children to be raised in a home like she grew up
in. Christina married her high school boyfriend and had a son and a daughter. She
worked as a nursing assistant and life was going well for her until her husband left her
for another woman. Christina fell into massive depression that was only relieved with
alcohol and other illegal drugs. Christina started selling drugs and engaging in
prostitution to maintain her habit until she was arrested by an undercover officer. She is
currently serving a 6-year prison sentence.
Which major theory of criminality would best explain Christina's criminal behavior
based on her formative years?
a. Psychological
b. Social contract
c. Social process
d. Social structure
Which of the following is considered a new technology in weapons?
a. Taser
b. Handgun
c. DNA
d. Flexible baton
According to Pennsylvania Board of Pardons and Parole v. Scott (1998), improperly
obtained evidence cannot be used at parole revocation proceedings.
a. True
b. False
Forfeiture is determined by police officers rather than by judges.
a. True
b. False
Miranda warnings must be read to a suspect when he or she is taken into custody.
a. True
b. False
Police do not need to show reasonable suspicion to search a parolee.
a. True
b. False
The inequality of treatment of one group by the criminal justice system, compared with
the treatment accorded other groups, is called
a. federalism.
b. crime.
c. disparity.
d. due process.
Many parolees "max out" on time and cannot be held any longer, regardless of how the
parole board feels about the inmate.
a. True
b. False
Which statement is false regarding what police experience when working in Internal
Affairs?
a. They serve for a set period of about 7 years.
b. They experience it as stressful work.
c. They have difficulty maintaining relationships with other officers.
d. They typically receive full cooperation from other officers.
_______ may be the most notable civil disability of ex-prisoners.
a. Inability to work
b. Removal of medical care
c. Income tax revocation
d. Inability to vote
Which model makes greater use of incarceration, longer sentences, mandatory
sentences, and strict supervision of probationers and parolees?
a. Congregate model
b. Medical model
c. Rehabilitation model
d. Crime control model
Dianne works for the federal governor as a prosecutor. She spends much of her time
prosecuting drug crimes. Dianne was placed into her position approximately 3 years
ago and seems constantly in awe of her duties within the criminal justice system. Diane
works in District 5 in Dallas, Texas.
Dianne spends a great deal of her time prosecuting drug crimes. Outside of drug
offenses, which type of crime would Dianne prosecute the most?
a. Murder
b. White-collar crime
c. Sexual assault
d. Robbery
Which of the following is considered a 'special population"?
a. Drug addicts
b. Runaways
c. Homeless
d. All of the above.
How has public opinion impacted the release of offenders back into the community?
Have these changes helped offenders to reduce recidivism?
___________ generally believe in stricter enforcement of law and expansion of law
enforcement and swift punishment.
When a judge oversees the "contest" between the defense attorney and the prosecutor,
he or she takes on the role of ____________________.
The _________________________ model focuses on serving the people rather than the
strict crime-fighting philosophy of prior eras.
Behavior that can cause trouble and conflict with staff and other prisoners is called the
_________.
A(n) _____ sentence is a sentence for which the legislature or a commission sets a
minimum and maximum range of months or years. Judges are to fix the length of the
sentence within that range, allowing for special circumstances.
An officer who lies under oath in order to provide an alibi for a fellow officer engaged
in illegal activity is guilty of ____________________.
The _____ model of corrections emphasizes the need to restore a convicted offender to
a constructive place in society through some form of vocational or educational training
or therapy.
A child who committed an act that if committed by an adult would be criminal is
considered a(n) ______.
A(n) ____ is a community correctional center where an offender reports each day to
comply with elements of a sentence.
______ occurs when an offender does not commit a crime for fear of receiving the
punishment.
Federal sentencing guidelines were adjusted in 2007 and 2008 to address a highly
criticized source of racial disparities in prison sentences for offenders convicted of
_____-related offenses.
When judge deal with political actors such as county commissioners and legislators,
they act in their _______ capacity.
___________ permits an officer to search based on the officer's sense of touch.
Discuss the law of corrections and how it is applied to offenders and correctional
personnel.
Discuss the different responsibilities of federal and state criminal justice operations.
Most inmates participate in a(n) _____ program.
_______ is probation granted under conditions of strict reporting to a probation officer
with a limited caseload.
Most criminal cases are heard in ____________________ court.
What method would you suggest for providing effective counsel to indigent defendants?
Defend your position.
